Ship's Risk Assessment Data - Part II

HAZARD — Control measures

Enclosed Space Entry

Working At Height / Working Aloft / Working Outboard

Hot Work

Anchoring / Deep Water Anchoring / Heavy Weather Anchoring

Security

Electrical Work

Mooring Operation

Break Holding Capacity Test

Lowering and Maneuver Free Fall Life boat / Rescue Boat

Bunkering / Fuel Oil Transfer

Pilotage

Rigging Pilot Ladder

Rigging Accommodation Ladder / Portable Ladder

Cyber Risk

NO CYBER RISK PLAN — Add cyber policy to SMS; appoint cyber focal (SSO/IT); keep asset inventory up to date.

 DEFAULT PASSWORDS — Change all defaults; unique per device; store in password vault; enable MFA where possible.

 SHARED/GENERIC ACCOUNTS — Prohibit; use named accounts and least-privilege roles; log admin actions.

 WEAK PASSWORDS — Enforce length/complexity/lockout; rotate keys/PSKs; no reuse across systems.

 NO ACCOUNT LIFECYCLE — Create/disable via joiner-mover-leaver process; remove ex-crew access immediately.

 UNPATCHED SYSTEMS — Patch IT monthly; OT on vendor windows; test/rollback plan; record versions.

 UNSUPPORTED OS — Replace or isolate behind firewall; remove internet; allow only whitelisted services.

 NO NETWORK SEGMENTATION — Separate OPS (bridge/engine/OT) from crew Wi-Fi via VLAN + firewall; block default routing.

 OPEN FIREWALL RULES — Default-deny; only needed ports; geo/IP restrictions; quarterly rule review.

 NO LOGGING/MONITORING — Enable logs on satcom/routers/ECDIS/servers; centralize; retain ≥180 days; review.

 NO TIME SYNC — Use GPS/NTP for all systems so logs align; monitor drift.

 UNCONTROLLED USB/REMOVABLE MEDIA — Company-issued, serialized USB only; scan on isolated station; write-blockers; hash verify.

 ECDIS/ENC UPDATE VIA UNKNOWN USB — Accept only vendor media; scan and checksum; log operator and time; keep ENC backup.

 VENDOR REMOTE ACCESS OPEN — Approve/time-bound sessions; VPN + MFA via jump host; monitor/record; disable after use.

 3RD-PARTY TECH LAPTOPS — No direct connect to OPS; use isolated service network; scan before/after.

 BYOD ON OPS NETWORK — Prohibit; crew on separate VLAN/SSID with bandwidth limits and captive portal.

 WEAK WI-FI — WPA2/3 only; rotate PSKs; disable WPS; separate SSIDs for OPS/crew/guests.

 PHISHING/SPEAR-PHISHING (BEC) — Train crew; verify bank/detail changes by phone; 4-eyes for payments; banner external emails.

 MALICIOUS ATTACHMENTS/MACROS — Block risky file types; disable macros; sandbox or allowlist senders.

 DOMAIN SPOOFING — Enforce SPF, DKIM, DMARC; monitor rejects/reports.

 RANSOMWARE — 3-2-1 offline/immutable backups; test restores; EDR/AV on IT; restrict execution; least privilege.

 MALWARE ON SHARED PCS — Standard image; kiosk profiles; AV/EDR; scheduled scans; no local admin.

 NAV SIGNAL SPOOF/JAM (GPS/AIS) — Cross-check with radar/visual/PI; use DR; disable “follow route” on doubt; anchor/watch alarms.

 ECDIS COMPROMISE/OUTAGE — Maintain second ECDIS/paper backup; manual nav kit; practice reversion drills.

 GMDSS PC INTERNET USE — Prohibit browsing/email; patch via vendor media; scan all media first.

 ENGINE/PLC/CCS COMPROMISE — Lock cabinets; separate network; change PLC passwords; backup configs; vendor sign-off for changes.

 BWTS/AMS CONTROLLER ACCESS — Password protect; vendor-approved updates only; isolate; log access.

 SATCOM/VSAT OPEN MGMT — Change admin creds; enable firewall; disable remote mgmt; HQ access via VPN only; review logs.

 CLOUD/PORTAL CRED LEAK — MFA; password vault; revoke on crew change; audit access logs.

 CREW PII/CARGO DATA LEAK — Store minimal; encrypt at rest/in transit; restrict shares; shred/secure waste.

 SOCIAL MEDIA INFO LEAK — Crew brief: no schedules/cargo/geo-tagged posts; use neutral language.

 IT/OT RACKS UNLOCKED — Lock racks; control keys; CCTV/visitor log; escort all vendors.

 NO BACKUPS/CONFIG EXPORTS — Schedule backups (ECDIS routes, PLC/AVR configs, servers); keep offline copy; test restores quarterly.

 NO CHANGE MANAGEMENT — Approve/document changes; rollback plan; label configs; record who/what/when.

 NO INCIDENT RESPONSE PLAN — Shipboard cyber IR playbook; contacts (CSO/IT/provider/vendors); isolate/contain; preserve evidence.

 EVIDENCE DESTROYED — After incident: don’t wipe; photo/screens; export logs; write-protect media; chain of custody.

 NO CYBER DRILLS — Run phishing/USB/nav-spoof drills; record lessons; update controls.

 NO AWARENESS TRAINING — On-signing brief + annual training; posters/checklists at bridge/IT rooms.

 UNSAFE QR/WEBSITES — Don’t scan unknown QR; verify URLs; use bookmarks for vendors/portals.

 AUTO-RUN ENABLED — Disable autorun; block executable launch from USB; application allow-listing where possible.

 LOOSE PORT SECURITY — Disable unused switch ports; MAC allow-list/802.1X if supported.

 EXPOSED REMOTE SERVICES — No public RDP/SSH; VPN with MFA only; periodic external port scans.

 MISCONFIGURED NAV/WEATHER GATEWAYS — Update firmware; segregate; block unknown attachments/links.

 UPS/POWER LOSS TO CRITICAL IT/OT — Fit UPS; test; graceful shutdown; battery health checks.

 POOR DOCUMENTATION — Maintain network diagram/IP plan/credentials in vault; update on change; store securely.

 PIRATED/UNLICENSED SOFTWARE — Ban; use licensed software; keep updated; remove unknown apps.

 INVOICE SCAMS (AGENT/BUNKER) — Confirm bank details by voice with known number; 2-officer approval; delay payments on doubt.

 PORT IT HOOKUP RISKS (SHORE POWER/WI-FI) — Verify and isolate; no bridging to OPS VLAN; temporary rules; disconnect after use.

 DATA CARRIERS (HDD/SSD) LOST — Encrypt laptops/USBs; inventory issue/return; report loss immediately.

 TIME-CRITICAL OT PATCHING IGNORED — Maintain vendor patch calendar; apply during layovers/drydock; document deferrals and compensating controls.

BA Cylinder Refilling Using Air Compressor

NO SOP / UNTRAINED OPERATOR — Follow BA refilling procedure; trained person only; toolbox talk; area clear.

 WRONG GAS / O₂ USED — Air only from breathing-air compressor; do not connect to oxygen/other gas systems; unique fittings.

 CONTAMINATED INTAKE (EXHAUST/PAINT FUMES) — Site compressor intake up-wind and high; away from engines/vents; fit CO monitor/alarm.

 BREATHING-AIR QUALITY OUT OF SPEC — Maintain filters/separators; change cartridges on hours/date; periodic lab air sample; log results.

 CO/CO₂/OIL/MOISTURE CARRYOVER — Drain condensate routinely; verify dryer performance; monitor CO/CO₂; stop if alarms.

 COMPRESSOR MAINTENANCE OVERDUE — PMS up to date; oil per maker; belts/coolers/filters serviced; records kept.

 POOR VENTILATION IN FILL AREA — Use well-ventilated room or open deck; keep heat/fume extraction running.

 ELECTRICAL/OVERHEAT SHUTDOWNS BYPASSED — Test safeties; never bypass; clear cooling air path.

 CYLINDER OUT OF TEST / EXPIRED — Check hydrostatic test date/stamp and composite life; remove expired from service.

 CYLINDER DAMAGE/CORROSION/THREADS — Visual inspect shell, foot, neck threads, O-ring; reject if dented, rusted, cut, bulged, thread damage.

 WRONG PRESSURE RATING (200/207 vs 300 bar) — Match cylinder rating and fill whip/adapter; label clearly; never over-pressurize.

 FAST FILL / ADIABATIC HEATING — Fill slowly; monitor temperature; pause to cool; final top-up when cool.

 OVERPRESSURE / BAD GAUGE — Use calibrated gauge; relief valve functional; stop at rated pressure; no “extra” for cooling loss.

 UNSECURED CYLINDER DURING FILL — Secure in rack/blast cabinet; keep valve caps ready; never free-stand.

 LINE-OF-FIRE AT FILL WHIP — Stand aside; use whip-checks/blast shield; no body over valve/fittings.

 LEAKING CONNECTIONS / DAMAGED O-RING — Inspect/replace O-rings; clean seats; tighten to spec; leak-check before pressurizing.

 DISCONNECT UNDER PRESSURE — Close valves; bleed hose fully; then disconnect; fit dust caps.

 WRONG ADAPTER / THREAD MISMATCH — Use only approved DIN/yoke adapters for that cylinder; no improvised fittings.

 OXYGEN CLEANLINESS CONFUSION — BA air cylinders not oxygen service; keep oils off exterior; never introduce O₂ or grease into valve.

 NOISE / HEARING DAMAGE — Wear hearing protection near running compressor.

 HOT SURFACES / BURNS — Guard hot parts; allow cooling before maintenance.

 CONDENSATE HANDLING — Drain to container; dispose per SMS; keep off deck/scuppers.

 FILL IN ENCLOSED SPACE NEAR IGNITION — No smoking/ignition; use Ex-safe lighting if required; keep fire extinguisher nearby.

 MULTI-CYLINDER MANIFOLD SURGE — Open valves slowly one by one; avoid sudden pressure equalization.

 CROSS-FILL BETWEEN 200 & 300 BAR BANKS — Segregate banks; color/label; interlocks where fitted; check gauges before opening.

 REGULATOR/VALVE DAMAGE FROM TOOLS — Use correct spanner/torque; no pipe wrenches on valves; protect threads/caps.

 HOSE/BURST DISC FAILURE — Inspect hoses/PRDs; replace on schedule; remove from service if cracked/bulged.

 FROSTBITE FROM RAPID BLEED — Bleed slowly; gloves/eye protection on.

 EYE/HAND INJURY (FRAGMENTS/OIL) — Wear goggles/face shield and gloves; use blast cabinet where available.

 MANUAL HANDLING OF CYLINDERS — Use trolleys/two-person lift; keep back straight; avoid twisting.

 POOR RECORDS — Record cylinder ID, pressure before/after, operator, compressor hours, filter change, air-quality checks.

 POST-FILL STORAGE — Cap valves; label full/pressure; stow upright, cool, dry; away from heat/sun.

 EMERGENCY / ABNORMAL READINGS — Stop compressor; isolate; tag cylinder/gear; inform officer; investigate before reuse.

Use Of Chemicals

NO SDS/UNKNOWN CHEMICAL — Obtain/read SDS; brief crew; keep SDS accessible at worksite.

 WRONG LABEL/UNLABELED CONTAINER — Use original container or approved, clearly labeled secondary container; no beverage bottles.

 INCOMPATIBLE MIXING — Check SDS/compatibility chart; keep acids/bases/oxidizers/solvents separate; dedicated tools per type.

 BLEACH + ACID/AMMONIA (CHLORINE GAS) — Never mix; store apart; train crew on symptoms; ventilate; evacuate on odor.

 ACID TO WATER RULE IGNORED — Always add acid to water, slowly, with cooling; never water to acid.

 VAPOR/INHALATION EXPOSURE — Work in open/ventilated area; local exhaust; correct respirator (fit-tested) per SDS; no beards for tight masks.

 SKIN/EYE CONTACT — Wear chemical goggles + face shield; chemical gloves (material per SDS), coveralls/apron; eyewash/shower within 10–15 m.

 WRONG GLOVES/PPE — Select glove material by SDS (nitrile/neoprene/PVC/PVA/etc.); check breakthrough time; replace when contaminated.

 SPILL TO DECK/SCUPPERS — Plug scuppers; use absorbents/neutralizers; collect in labeled waste container; report per SOPEP/SMS.

 FIRE/FLASHPOINT RISK (SOLVENTS) — Keep away from ignition/hot work; bond/earth containers when decanting; Ex-safe lights/radios.

 OXIDIZERS NEAR FUELS — Segregate oxidizers (e.g., sodium hypochlorite, peroxides) from oils/grease/organics; dry, cool storage.

 CORROSIVES (ACIDS/CAUSTICS) — Use secondary containment/trays; corrosion-resistant tools; neutralize small spills only if trained.

 REACTIVE METALS (ALUMINUM/ZINC) — Check compatibility; avoid storing caustic/acid cleaners on these surfaces; use plastic tools if needed.

 PRESSURIZED CONTAINERS — Open caps slowly; vent away from face; never heat to speed pouring.

 DECANTING/SPLASHING — Use funnels/pumps; slow pour at low height; wear face shield; keep people clear.

 STATIC DURING TRANSFER — Bond/earth drums; no synthetic rags; avoid fast pouring of flammables.

 HEAT/SUN ON CHEMICALS — Store cool, shaded, ventilated; keep away from engines/steam lines.

 DAMAGED/LEAKING PACKAGES — Place in overpack/secondary containment; label; inform responsible officer; dispose per SMS.

 EXPIRED/UNKNOWN CHEMICALS — Quarantine; do not use; arrange disposal; update inventory.

 POOR HOUSEKEEPING — Keep store tidy; lids closed; dedicated shelves; keep incompatible types apart; spill kit visible.

 BWTS/CLEANING BIOCIDES — Follow maker dilution; avoid skin/eye contact; ventilate tanks; treat as toxic; monitor atmosphere if used in spaces.

 TANK/HOLD CLEANING CHEMICALS — Confirm material compatibility; rinse thoroughly; manage washings per MARPOL/port rules.

 AEROSOLS/SPRAYS — Use in well-ventilated area; keep away from flames; do not puncture/heat cans; store upright.

 ISOCYANATES/EPOXIES — Use organic vapor respirator with correct filters; gloves + coveralls; avoid skin contact; medical attention on sensitization.

 DEGREASERS ON HOT SURFACES — Cool equipment first; avoid toxic fumes; use non-flammable grades where possible.

 POWDER CHEMICAL DUST — Avoid creating dust clouds; wear P3/N100 respirator; dampen if safe; local extraction.

 CLEANING WITH CHLORINATED PRODUCTS — No mixing with acids; avoid stainless pitting by over-concentration; rinse.

 USE NEAR FOOD/WATER — Keep chemicals away from galley/stores; dedicated utensils; never use food containers for chemicals.

 MANUAL HANDLING OF DRUMS — Use trolleys; two-person lift; keep back straight; secure loads.

 CHEMICAL WASTE DISPOSAL — Segregate by type; label; do not pour to sea/drains; land to approved contractor per SMS/MARPOL.

 EYE SPLASH/INGESTION — Flush eyes 15 min; remove contacts; rinse mouth (do not induce vomiting unless SDS says); seek medical help; record incident.

 INADEQUATE TRAINING — COSHH-style briefing; show SDS pictograms; refresh annually; toolbox talk before use.

 NO EMERGENCY KIT — Keep eyewash, shower, spill kit, neutralizers (acid/base), absorbents at point of use; inspect monthly.

 VENTILATION IN ENCLOSED SPACE — Treat as enclosed space if vapors likely; permit, gas test, forced ventilation, continuous monitoring.

 HOT WORK AFTER CHEMICAL USE — Verify area gas-free and residue removed; no reactive residues; re-clean and ventilate.

 CLOTHING CONTAMINATED — Remove immediately; bag and launder separately or dispose as waste; wash skin with soap/water.

 CROSS-CONTAMINATION OF TOOLS — Dedicated tools/brushes per chemical; rinse/label; avoid mixing residues.

 MISREAD DILUTION RATIOS — Use measuring jugs; mark units; double-check math; prepare small batches.

 POOR RECORDS/INVENTORY — Maintain chemical list with SDS, locations, expiry dates; monthly stock check; remove obsolete items.

 PORT/TERMINAL RULES — Follow local restrictions for use/disposal; obtain permits where required; notify before using strong odors/fumes.

 TRANSPORT ON DECK — Use sealed trays; secure loads; avoid passenger routes; handle in daylight where possible.

 PERSONAL ALLERGIES/ASTHMA — Identify sensitive crew; assign low-exposure tasks; provide appropriate respirators.

 BATTERY ACID/ALKALI — Neutralize small spills (baking soda for acid, weak acid for alkali) if trained; full PPE; ventilate; no metal jewelry.

 MIX-UP WITH FRESHWATER TANKS — Strict segregation; never store chemicals above/near potable water systems; color-code and lock.

 AFTER-JOB AREA NOT CLEANED — Remove residues; bins closed; wash tools; un-plug scuppers; sign-off area safe.

Use Of Power Tools

NO PTW FOR SPARK-PRODUCING WORK — Treat grinding/cutting as hot work where applicable; permit, fire watch, extinguishers ready.

 UNTRAINED OPERATOR — Trained/authorized users only; toolbox talk; follow maker’s manual.

 WRONG/NO PPE — Safety goggles + face shield; hearing protection; gloves (tight-fitting); FR coverall for sparks; safety shoes.

 WET AREA/ELECTRIC SHOCK — Avoid use in wet; use 110 V CTE or RCD/GFCI 30 mA; IP-rated tools; dry footing/mats.

 DAMAGED CORDS/PLUGS — Inspect before use; remove from service if cuts/exposed cores/loose pins.

 EXTENSION LEAD UNDER-RATED/COILED — Correct gauge; fully unwind; keep off sharp edges/traffic.

 TRIP HAZARD FROM CABLES/HOSES — Route overhead or under protectors; tape down; keep access clear.

 GUARDS REMOVED/BYPASSED — Do not use without guards; refit/repair before work.

 WRONG DISC/WHEEL/ACCESSORY — Use only accessory approved for tool/material; no cutting disc for grinding; match arbor/shank.

 DISC/WHEEL OVERSPEED — Check wheel max RPM ≥ tool RPM; correct flanges/blotters; torque to spec.

 CRACKED ABRASIVE WHEEL — Ring test before fitting; discard damaged wheels.

 NO RUN-UP TEST — Run tool 30 s in safe area after fitting wheel; stand out of line.

 GRINDER KICKBACK — Two-hand grip; correct angle (≈15–30°); don’t jam; cut along guard side; never side-grind on cutting disc.

 LOOSE CLOTHING/HAIR/JEWELLERY — Tie back hair; remove rings/watches; close cuffs; tight gloves only.

 DRILL SNAG/TORQUE INJURY — Use side handle/clutch; pre-drill; secure work; slow speed for large bits.

 HOLE-SAW/BROACH CUTTER BIND — Clamp work; cutting fluid; steady feed; stop if chatter.

 SAW KICKBACK (CIRCULAR) — Sharp blade; riving knife/guard fitted; support both sides; stand aside.

 RECIP SAW CUTTING UNKNOWN AREA — Trace/mark hidden services; isolate behind panels; use shorter blade.

 WORKPIECE MOVES — Clamp in vice; never hand-hold near blade/disc.

 FLYING PARTICLES/WIRE BRISTLES — Face shield + goggles; position bystanders clear; screens if needed.

 DUST (STEEL/PAINT/SILICA/GRP) — Local extraction/wet method; P3/N100 respirator; clean up with vacuum, not air.

 NOISE/HAVS (VIBRATION) — Hearing protection; limit exposure time; rotate tasks; anti-vibration grips.

 SPARKS/IGNITION NEAR FLAMMABLES — Clear 10 m zone; cover/blanket; plug scuppers; gas test where required.

 EX/HAZARDOUS AREA USE — Use Ex-rated pneumatic/electric tools only or prohibit; no sparks; obtain permit.

 BATTERY (LI-ION) RISKS — Approved chargers only; inspect packs; don’t use damaged/swollen; charge in ventilated area; fire blanket/sand nearby.

 PORTABLE GENERATOR/SHORE SUPPLY — Earth correctly; RCD fitted; adequate ventilation; fuel away from hot parts.

 PNEUMATIC TOOLS — Whip checks on hoses; secure fittings; isolate air before changing bits; drain water traps.

 NEEDLE GUN/SCALER — Eye/ear/hand PPE; control ricochet; keep bystanders clear.

 BENCH GRINDER — Tool rest ≤3 mm from wheel; tongue guard set; dress wheel; no side grinding.

 OVERHEATING TOOL/MOTOR — Keep vents clear; use duty cycles; allow cool-down; stop on smell/smoke.

 OVERREACH/WORK AT HEIGHT WITH TOOL — Reposition access; tether tools; exclusion zone below.

 CHANGE ACCESSORY UNDER POWER — Isolate/unplug; fully stop disc; lock spindle; use correct spanner.

 WRONG ROTATION/DIRECTION — Verify arrow vs disc/blade; test off-workpiece first.

 HAND–ARM CONTACT WITH ROTATION — Keep hands away; use jigs/guards; no gloves near open chuck where snag risk.

 HOUSEKEEPING/SWARF — Keep area tidy; remove offcuts; dispose sparks-soaked rags in metal bin.

 POOR LIGHTING — Provide task lighting; stop if you cannot see cut line/bit.

 EYEWASH/FIRST AID NOT READY — Eyewash bottle/kit at site; know emergency call.

 TOOL TETHERS MISSING (ALOFT) — Fit lanyards; secure small items; ban loose pockets.

 STORAGE/TRANSPORT — Cool tools before stow; blade guards on; store dry; battery removed from tool.

 PAT/INSPECTION MISSED — Periodic testing/inspection tagged; remove failed tools until repaired.

 WRONG VOLTAGE/FREQUENCY — Confirm supply (110/220/440, 50/60 Hz); use approved transformers.

 METAL CUT NEAR LIVE ELECTRICS — Isolate circuit; use non-conductive ladders/mats; lockout if needed.

 TOOL USED AS LEVER/HAMMER — Prohibit misuse; use right tool for task.

 SHARP EDGES AFTER CUT — Deburr; handle with gloves; mark hazards.

 WORK NEAR SHIP SIDE/OVERSIDE — Permit; lifeline/PFD if risk; prevent dropping tools overboard.

 POST-JOB NOT SECURED — Unplug; coil leads; remove discs/blades; clean and return to store; sign off area safe.

Use Of High Pressure Machine / Blasting

NO PTW/BRIEF — Permit, toolbox talk, roles, exclusion zone, abort criteria.

UNTRAINED OPERATOR — Authorized/trained crew only; follow maker’s manual.

INJECTION INJURY (WATER/DEBRIS INTO TISSUE) — Never point at body; two-hand grip; dead-man trigger; urgent medical on any puncture.

LACERATION/CUTTING JET — Maintain safe standoff; use nozzle guard; shields.HOSE WHIP / FITTING FAILURE — Inspect hoses/couplings; whip-checks; pressure test; replace on damage/expiry.

OVERPRESSURE / WRONG TIP — Match nozzle/orifice to rated pressure/flow; regulator set; don’t exceed tool rating.

BACK-THRUST LOSS OF CONTROL — Brace stance; two-person team for UHP; use shoulder/hip support where provided.

REBOUND/FLYING SCALE/PAINT — Face shield + goggles; barriers/screens; keep bystanders clear.

SLIP/TRIP FROM WATER/HOSES — Route/secure hoses; anti-slip footwear; keep deck drained and tidy.

WET ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT — Isolate nearby electrics; IP-rated only; keep jet away from panels/cables.

CHEMICAL INJECTION (ADDITIVES) — Check SDS; correct dilution; chemical-rated gloves; avoid sprayback.

AEROSOL/MIST INHALATION — Work up-wind; local extraction/ventilation; respirator if required.NOISE >100 dB — Double hearing protection (earplugs + earmuffs).

VIBRATION/HAVS — Limit exposure time; anti-vibration grips; rotate crew.

WORKING AT HEIGHT/OVERSIDE — Combine with WAH controls: harness, lifeline, tool tethers, PFD overside.

ENCLOSED/CONFINED SPACE — Treat as enclosed space: permit, ventilation, continuous gas monitoring, attendant.

HOT SURFACES/ENGINE EXHAUST ON COMPRESSOR — Position up-wind; keep away from intakes; no fueling hot engine.

FUEL HANDLING (DIESEL UNIT) — Spill kit ready; no smoking; cool before refuel.

POOR LIGHTING — Provide task lighting; stop if you cannot see jet/impact.

CO-ACTIVITY NEAR HOT WORK — Separate in time/space; water spray on hot work prohibited unless coordinated.

DAMAGE TO COATINGS/SEALS/GLASS — Verify allowed areas; reduce pressure/tip; protect sensitive gear.

ENVIRONMENTAL RUN-OFF — Plug scuppers if required; collect water/solids; dispose per SOPEP/SMS.

NO PPE / WRONG PPE — Helmet/visor + goggles, hearing protection, cut-resistant waterproof gloves, coverall, safety boots; UHP: add cut-resistant suit/guards.

FREEZING/ICE FORMATION — Stop in sub-zero; grit/clear ice; prevent slips.

SCALD FROM HOT WATER UNIT — Check temps; insulated hoses; gloves; warn crew.

NO PTW/BRIEF — Permit, toolbox talk, exclusion zone, fire watch if needed.

NON-COMPLIANT HOSES/COUPLINGS — Use certified blast hose/couplings; safety pins + whip-checks; inspect daily.

DEAD-MAN VALVE/REMOTE STOP INOPERABLE — Test before starting; keep at hand; stop on fault.

AIR/BLAST POT OVERPRESSURE — Use rated pot; functional relief valve; don’t exceed set pressure; trained operator only.

NO RESPIRATORY PROTECTION — Supplied-air blasting hood or approved respirator; fit-tested; change filters per schedule.

DUST (SILICA/LEAD/CHROMATE) — Use non-silica media; containment/tarpaulins; local extraction; monitor dust; decontaminate area.

LEAD/TOXIC COATINGS REMOVAL — Identify coating; special PPE and containment; collect waste as hazardous; no dry sweeping.

REBOUND/EMBEDDED GRIT IN EYES — Full face blasting hood/visor + goggles underneath; screens for others.

SPARK RISK ON STEEL — Prohibit in hazardous areas; gas test; hot work controls where applicable.

STATIC BUILD-UP — Bond/earth equipment; antistatic hoses where required.

COMPRESSOR INTAKE CONTAMINATION — Place up-wind; away from exhausts/vents; fit CO monitor.

HOSE BURST/WHIP — Replace worn hose; avoid tight bends; keep people out of line of fire.

TRIP/ENTANGLEMENT IN HOSES — Route/bridge; keep under control; barricade crossings.

POOR VISIBILITY IN WORK AREA — Extra lighting; spotter; slow/stop if visibility lost.

NOISE/VIBRATION — Hearing protection; duty rotation; anti-vibration gloves.

WORKING AT HEIGHT/INSIDE SCAFFOLD — Certified scaffold; toe-boards/mesh; harness; tool/hood air lines secured.

OVERSIDE BLASTING — PFD; lifeline; boat standby if required; prevent media to sea per local rules.

VENT/IG/INTAKES NEARBY — Shield or stop systems; prevent grit ingress.

FIRE FROM MEDIA/OILY RAGS — Keep area free of oils; metal waste bins with lids; no smoking.

MEDIA/WASTE TO SEA — Plug scuppers; tarps/containment; sweep/vacuum; dispose via approved contractor.

PPE CONTAMINATION AFTER JOB — Blow-down in designated area; bag and label; wash hands/face; do not enter accommodation dirty.

POST-JOB CLEANUP MISSED — Remove media; un-plug scuppers; restore guards/signs; sign off safe.

Cargo Operations

PRE-CARGO PLAN MISSING — Cargo plan approved by Master; stages/rates/ballast plan/trim/UKC/limits; toolbox talk; abort criteria.

 WRONG STOW/BL/SF LIMITS — Check longitudinal BM/SF and local tank-top limits; use loading computer; keep within allowable envelopes.

 SEQUENTIAL LOADING STRESS — Follow stage plan; hold in sequence; monitor hull stresses every step; pause if limits close.

 BALLAST/DEBALLAST MISMATCH — Synchronize with loading rate; keep minimum drafts; avoid slamming/hog/sag; confirm pumps/valves lineup.

 INSUFFICIENT UKC AFLOAT — Calculate with tide/squat/density; keep company minima; adjust rate/trim.

 HATCH COVER MOVEMENT IN UNSAFE AREA — Clear deck; exclusion zone; trained operator; engage stoppers/cleats; no one on coamings.

 PERSONNEL IN HOLD DURING GRAB/CONVEYOR — No entry while cargo moving; lock/flag access; attendant posted.

 POOR COMMS SHIP–SHORE — Single channel; repeat-back; “STOP/ESD” word; rate/sequence posted; log changes.

 INCORRECT HOLD CLEANLINESS STANDARD — Confirm “grain clean/inert clean/etc.” with charterer; pre-inspection; photo evidence.

 CARGO CONTAMINATION (WET/RUST/PAINT/OIL) — Dry clean holds; isolate bilges; protect paintwork; no oily rags/tools; cover sensitive cargo.

 HOLDS/BILGE BACKFLOW — Shut overboard; test non-returns; monitor bilge alarms; keep scuppers plugged where required.

 SCUPPERS TO SEA OPEN — Plug/blank per MARPOL; drip trays/booms ready; sweep up spillage.

 DUST INHALATION — Water mist/spray; position up-wind; P3/N100 respirator; minimize drop height.

 NOISE FROM GRABS/CONVEYORS — Hearing protection; rotate crew; limit exposure time.

 FALLING CARGO FROM GRAB/CHUTE — Exclusion zones; hard hats/eye protection; “heads” call; wind limits observed.

 SLIP/TRIP ON SPILLAGE — Continuous cleanup; non-slip footwear; light the deck/hold ladders.

 FORKLIFT/SHORE PLANT IN HOLD — Authorize only with tank-top strength check; guidance to drivers; banksman; exhaust to leeward.

 LOCAL TANK-TOP OVERLOAD — Spread loads with dunnage/steel plates; limit pile height; follow local kPa/t allowable.

 GRAB HITTING STRUCTURE — Experienced driver; approach at low swing; protect frames/coamings; stop on contact.

 HATCH SEALS/DRAINS DAMAGED — Fit corner/chute protectors; stop if damage; report and repair.

 HOT WORK NEAR CARGO — Prohibited unless gas-tested and permitted; segregate area; fire watch.

 SMOKING IN CARGO AREAS — No smoking policy; designated areas only; signage/enforcement.

 STATIC/IGNITION WITH FLAMMABLE DUST — Ground/bond equipment; avoid plastic chutes; control dust; no sparks.

 COAL (GAS/SELF-HEATING) — Sample and monitor CO/CH₄/O₂; cover, trim, seal as required; no ventilation if heating suspected unless instructed by Code; no hot work.

 SULPHUR (H₂S/TOXIC GAS) — Test atmosphere; ventilate holds as permitted; PPE/respirator; no water on cargo; no sparks.

 DRI/HBI (O₂ CONSUMPTION/H₂) — IMSBC precautions; no water contact; monitor O₂/H₂; seal holds; no personnel entry.

 NICKEL ORE/LIQUEFACTION RISK — Verify TML/MC certificates; can/flow table tests; stop loading if wet/free water; trim; Master’s right to reject.

 GRAIN (SHIFTING/FSW) — Grain Code; trimming/saucering/shifting boards; record stability GM/Acc; fumigation controls.

 WOOD PELLETS/CHIPS (CO/CO₂ OFF-GASSING) — Ventilate before entry; gas test; no entry without permit; monitor CO.

 FERTILIZERS/OXIDIZERS — Keep away from oils; dry holds; no contamination; rigorous housekeeping.

 SCRAP/METAL (SHARP/IGNITION) — Exclusion zone; spark risk assessment; forbid oxy-cutting; gloves/eye protection.

 STEEL COILS/PLATES (HEAVY LIFTS) — Stow to approved plan; dunnage pattern; lashings; no people in slew path; SWL checks.

 BULK CEMENT/FLY ASH (DUST) — Closed handling where possible; respirator; avoid water ingress; clean thoroughly.

 HUMIDITY/CONDENSATION DAMAGE — Control ventilation (dew-point rule); hatch covers tight; avoid rain loading if cargo sensitive.

 RAIN LOADING WITHOUT PERMISSION — Stop on precipitation for hygroscopic cargos; agree restart criteria with terminal.

 CARGO TEMPERATURE ABNORMAL — Measure at start/mid; report hot spots; adjust ventilation per IMSBC.

 CARGO SPILLS TO SEA — Sweep, collect, dispose per MARPOL V/port rules; report if required.

 MIS-SAMPLED CARGO — Witness sampling; sealed reference samples; chain of custody logged.

 QUANTITY DISPUTE — Draft survey before/after; density measured; document shore readings; issue NoP if needed.

 SHIP STABILITY OUT OF LIMITS — Monitor GM/trim continuously; adjust ballast/sequence; meet min GM for sea.

 LIST/TRIM EXCESS DURING LOAD — Balance holds; slow/stop; correct via ballast and sequence.

 HATCH COVER LEFT OPEN IN RAIN — Weather watch; close on squalls; tarps/temporary covers ready where acceptable.

 FUMIGATION DURING/AFTER LOADING — Licensed firm only; seal per instructions; warning signs; no entry until cleared.

 ENCLOSED-SPACE ENTRY TO HOLD — Treat hold as enclosed space; permit, gas test, ventilation, attendant, rescue set.

 ACCESS LADDERS/PLATFORMS DAMAGED — Inspect/repair before use; 3-point contact; harness where needed.

 WORKING AT HEIGHT INSIDE HOLD — Apply WAH controls; harness, lifeline, man-basket/scaffold only.

 CONVEYOR/CHUTE START-UP — Lockout/tagout during maintenance; alarms before start; keep clear.

 SHORE CRANE INTERFACE — Agree slewing path; do not pass under loads; signalman; stop if unsafe.

 MOBILE PHONE/RADIO DISTRACTION — Task focus; radio discipline; spotter monitors.

 NIGHT OPERATIONS POOR LIGHT — Floodlights on deck/hold; portable lights; stop if visibility inadequate.

 HEAVY WEATHER ALONGSIDE — Reduce rate; secure gear; add lines/fenders; suspend if unsafe.

 STEVEDORE INJURY/INCIDENT — Stop; first aid; inform terminal; incident report; preserve scene if needed.

 PORT/TERMINAL RULES IGNORED — Comply with checklist, PPE, speed limits, smoking rules; attend toolboxes.

 HOLD VENT FANS SPARK RISK — Use non-sparking or approved fans; position intake away from exhausts; monitor gases.

 HATCH COAMING AS WALKWAY — Prohibit; use designated walkways; lifelines where required.

 LOCKED-IN CARGO EQUIPMENT (SHIFTER/GRAB) — Isolate power; test dead; “permit to work” for repairs.

 CARGO MIX-UP BETWEEN HOLDS — Colour-code and tag shoots/chutes; confirm change-over; log time/quantity.

 INCORRECT TRIMMING — Trim to Master’s satisfaction; meet Code angle of repose; even spread to protect structure.

 SHORE SPILL TO SHIP — Request stop; deploy pads/booms; record evidence; Note of Protest if needed.

 BUNKERING DURING CARGO — Avoid SIMOPS; if allowed, strict separation/permits; extra watchmen; spill/fire gear ready.

 GALLEY/ACCOM VENTS INGEST DUST — Shut/redirect; protect filters; clean after ops.

 FIRE IN CARGO/CONVEYOR — Extinguishers/hose ready; stop belts; isolate power; call terminal; boundary cool if needed.

 POST-LOAD SECURING MISSED — Secure hatch wedges/cleats; close vents as required; remove chocks/dunnage; stow gear.

 CARGO DOCUMENTS INCOMPLETE — Receive B/L, cargo statements, MSDS/IMSBC schedules, fumigation cert; log rates/times/weather.

 DEPARTURE DRAFT/TRIM WRONG — Calculate final drafts/trim for sea; check bending/shear OK; verify stability/UKC; amend if needed.

 NO POST-JOB REVIEW — Debrief with terminal; record lessons/defects; update cargo plan templates.

Ballast Operations

NO BALLAST PLAN — Written plan: sequence, rates, trims/drafts, stress limits, UKC; toolbox talk; abort criteria.

 LOADING COMPUTER WRONG INPUTS — Enter correct density/temp; verify drafts/GM/BM/SF at each step; cross-check with manual calc.

 HULL STRESSES EXCEEDED — Monitor BM/SF every stage; slow/stop to stay within envelope; adjust sequence/rates.

 FREE SURFACE EXCESS — Avoid partly filled tanks; press up or empty; consider FSE in stability calc.

 TRIM/HEEL OUT OF LIMITS — Control sequence/rates; balance port/starboard; use forward/aft tanks to maintain safe trim.

 INSUFFICIENT UKC — Calculate with tide/squat; maintain company minima; adjust ballast and speed.

 WRONG VALVE LINEUP — Two-person verification; valve status board; tag/lock critical valves; point-and-call.

 OVERFLOW/VENT DISCHARGE — Set safe ullage; attend tanks; monitor level/vents; reduce rate; plug scuppers; drip trays ready.

 VENT/PRESSURE/VACUUM ISSUE — Confirm vents free; don’t overpressurize or vacuum; slow rates; watch for “breathing” at vents.

 AIR LOCK / PUMP CAVITATION — Open air pipes; vent tanks; reduce rate; ensure NPSH; stop on cavitation noise.

 PUMP RUNNING DRY/OVERHEAT — Prime before start; monitor amps/flow; stop on abnormal sound/heat.

 SEA CHEST/STRAINER BLOCKAGE — Monitor suction pressure; clean strainers with permit; beware jellyfish/algae blooms.

 INCORRECT GAUGING — Cross-check remote level with manual sounding; verify tape corrected for list/trim.

 CROSS-FILL/CROSS-FLOOD — Close interconnecting valves; verify segregations; use blanks where fitted.

 BALLAST INTO FULL/WEAK TANK — Respect tank limits; know no-ballast tanks; confirm target before opening.

 STRUCTURE DAMAGE FROM FAST FILL — Control rate; use drop line; avoid water jet on tank top/frames; move diffuser if fitted.

 HEAVY WEATHER DURING OPERATION — Reduce/stop; secure deck; keep safe trim by head; postpone if unsafe.

 UNDERWAY BALLAST SHIFT/SLOSH — Keep tanks pressed up; avoid slack tanks in seaway.

 SIMOPS (CARGO/BUNKERS/HOT WORK) — Assess conflicts; separate by time/space; continuous comms with bridge/terminal.

 COMMUNICATION FAILURE — Single UHF channel; repeat-back; record times/valve changes; stop if comms lost.

 WRONG DENSITY ASSUMED — Measure dock/sea water density; update loading computer/draft survey.

 TRIM FOR CANAL/BERTH LIMITS — Plan to required drafts/air draft; verify before sailing/arrival.

 SEDIMENT BUILD-UP — Periodic stripping/flush; record mud; avoid ballasting in muddy areas if possible.

 CONTAMINATED WATER (H₂S/ALGAE/RED TIDE) — Avoid intake near discharges/blooms; monitor odor/gas at vents; PPE/respirator if needed.

 BIOFOULING/DISCHARGE RESTRICTIONS — Follow port rules; avoid discharge in restricted areas; consult agents.

 BWTS NOT READY/FAULT — Pre-check BWTS; spares/UV lamps/filters; log alarms; switch to contingency per SMS.

 BWTS CHEMICAL BY-PRODUCTS — Follow maker limits; de-chlorinate/neutralize before discharge as required; sample if mandated.

 UV SYSTEM EXPOSURE — Interlocks intact; no open covers; lock-out before maintenance.

 ELECTROCHLORINATION H₂/CL₂ RISK — Vent properly; gas detectors operational; keep ignition sources away; emergency neutralizer ready.

 OZONATION EXPOSURE — Keep off-gas system working; ventilate; no entry near off-gas without gas check.

 D-1 EXCHANGE WRONG AREA — Meet distance/depth criteria; follow approved sequence; record positions/times.

 D-2 DISCHARGE NON-COMPLIANT — Treat/verify per system; keep logs/alarms; sample if requested; do not bypass.

 REPORTING/FORMS MISSED — Complete BWRB and required national forms (e.g., BWRF/US NBIC) before arrival/departure.

 ILLEGAL DISCHARGE IN PORT — Confirm local permission; close overboards; use shore reception if required.

 LOCKED/SEIZED REMOTE VALVES — Exercise valves routinely; have manual override; stop job if valve fails.

 ICE/FREEZING DAMAGE — Drain exposed lines in freezing weather; heat trace on; avoid overfilling iced tanks.

 HOT WEATHER/THERMAL EXPANSION — Allow ullage margin; monitor level rise; vent free.

 PERSONNEL EXPOSURE AT VENTS — Keep clear of vents; route away from work areas; signage “Ballasting”.

 SLIP/TRIP ON WET DECK — Non-slip footwear; keep deck drained; route hoses/cables clear.

 NIGHT/POOR LIGHTING — Floodlights on deck/marks; portable lamps; stop if can’t see gauges/marks.

 MANUAL SOUNDING IN TANKS — Treat as enclosed space if needed; gas test at vents; never enter without permit.

 NO SPILL/EMERGENCY KIT — SOPEP items ready; scupper plugs; absorbents at manifolds/overboards.

 INCORRECT RECORDS — Log start/stop, tanks/volumes, positions (D-1), alarms; keep BWTS ops printouts.

 POST-JOB VALVES LEFT WRONG — Final walk-through; close blanks; set sea suctions as per sea/port condition; update status board.

 DRAUGHTS NOT VERIFED FOR SAILING — Read drafts; check GM/trim/UKC; adjust ballast before let-go.

 CREW FATIGUE — Plan shifts; work/rest compliance; stop if short-handed.

 TRAINING/FAMILIARIZATION LACK — Brief on system; maker’s manual accessible; drills for BWTS failures.

 PORT STATE/PSC INSPECTION — Keep certificates, crew competence, records and sampling points ready; maintain system condition.

Under Keel Clearance

NO UKC POLICY/PLAN — Use company/port UKC criteria; plan static + dynamic components; set abort criteria/time window.

 WRONG MIN UKC CRITERIA — Confirm % of draft or fixed value per port; include safety margin; document in passage plan.

 TIDE WINDOW MISSED — Use official tide tables/gauges; apply time/current set; wait for next window if late.

 GAUGE vs PREDICTION ERROR — Prefer gauge over prediction; monitor real-time level; add met allowance (wind/pressure).

 DENSITY CHANGE (RIVER/SEA) — Measure water density; correct draft and UKC; update loading computer.

 SQUAT UNDERESTIMATED — Calculate by method approved; reduce speed in shallow/constrained water; keep mid-channel; monitor.

 BANK/CHANNEL CONSTRICTION — Expect higher squat; keep off banks; small helm; lower speed.

 MEETING/OVERTAKING INTERACTION — Agree passing points; slow early; keep separation; monitor heel/UKC.

 WAVE/SWELL RESPONSE (PITCH/ROLL) — Add wave allowance; time transit for calmer period; reduce speed; steer to minimize motions.

 HEEL FROM WIND/TURNING — Allow heel margin; limit rate of turn; keep ballast for stability; reduce sail area if possible.

 HOG/SAG STRUCTURAL DEFLECTION — Add allowance; verify bending/shear within limits; avoid extreme trims.

 TRIM EFFECT ON DRAFT — Control trim per plan; avoid excessive by-stern/by-head that steals UKC at one end.

 INCORRECT DRAFT READINGS — Take fore/mean/aft drafts; correct for list/trim; use reliable boards/night lighting.

 ECHO SOUNDER OFFSET WRONG — Set draft/keel offset correctly; verify with known depth; use dual frequency if available.

 ENC/ECDIS SETTINGS WRONG — Set Safety Depth/Contour per UKC policy; verify CATZOC; turn on anti-grounding/look-ahead.

 SURVEY AGE/SILTATION — Check latest surveys/Notices; add siltation allowance; prefer recently dredged channels.

 UNMARKED SHOALS/BANK MIGRATION — Keep centreline; frequent position fixes/PI lines; slow if doubt.

 CURRENT/SET ACROSS SHOAL — Plan crab angle; keep under control; delay if excessive cross-set.

 LOW VISIBILITY — Reduce speed; use PI/radar/echo sounder; postpone if UKC margin small.

 TUG ASSISTANCE NOT PLANNED — Order tugs for control; brief use to minimize speed/squat.

 SPEED TOO HIGH IN SHALLOW WATER — Enforce speed profile; incremental reductions at critical legs.

 TURNING IN NARROW SHALLOW BASIN — Plan pivot point; keep speed minimal; allow extra heel/squat margin.

 HEEL + SQUAT COMBINED — Sum allowances; keep extra margin in exposed legs.

 CARGO/BALLAST SHIFT DURING TRANSIT — Keep tanks pressed up; no slack ballast in seaway.

 LOADING COMPUTER NOT UPDATED — Enter real-time drafts/density; verify BM/SF; compare with manual checks.

 AIR DRAFT VS TIDE — Check bridges/cables; time transit; account for trim/heel.

 EMERGENCY ABORT NOT DEFINED — Set abort points; anchors ready; engines/thrusters available; safe return track plotted.

 PILOT/MPE GAPS — Conduct Master–Pilot Exchange on UKC: criteria, tidal window, speed profile, no-go areas.

 VTS/PORT RESTRICTIONS MISSED — Confirm UKC rules, convoy limits, one-way traffic; comply with notices.

 SQUAT FORMULA MISMATCH (HBR/CANAL) — Use port-specified method; document constants; conservative if unsure.

 DREDGER/WORKS IN CHANNEL — Check local broadcasts; pass slow; keep mid-channel; verify under-keel with sounder.

 TURNING BASIN SILT HUMPS — Sounder watch; trial circle at slow speed; abort if depth doubtful.

 TRIM FOR PROP/INTAKE — Maintain prop immersion and engine cooling; avoid excessive by-head in swell.

 BALLAST ADJUSTMENT DURING TRANSIT — Only per plan; slow/stop if adjusting; monitor stresses and UKC change.

 ANCHOR WALKING NEAR SHALLOW — Walked-out anchors can snag bottom; heave clear before critical legs.

 ECHO SOUNDER LOSS/FAIL — Cross-check with leadline (if possible), radar PI, visual; reduce speed; consider abort.

 WEATHER DETERIORATION — Reassess window; hold position or return to sea; don’t commit with shrinking margin.

 TUG/TRAFFIC WASH ON SHOALS — Expect bank set; counter early; request traffic control; slow or stop.

 INACCURATE KEEL MARGIN COMMUNICATION — Bridge team repeats UKC minima and live margin at each waypoint; record in log.

 CREW FATIGUE DURING TIDAL TRANSIT — Rested team; extra lookout; rotate roles on long transits.

 NO POST-TRANSIT REVIEW — Record actual min UKC, speeds, tide; lessons learned; update next plan.

Over Head Clearance

NO OVERHEAD CLEARANCE PLAN — Calculate air draft; list all fixed heights; set minimum margin; brief team.

 WRONG AIR DRAFT CALC — Measure to highest fixed point (mast/antenna/flagstaff); include trim/list; verify from waterline, not deck.

 TIDE/LEVEL NOT APPLIED — Use gauge (preferred) or prediction; apply set/meteorological effect; choose safe window.

 SQUAT NOT ALLOWED FOR — Add dynamic UKC/air-draft allowances; reduce speed in shallow/constrained waters.

 WAVE/PITCH/ROLL EFFECT — Add wave allowance; time transit for calmer period; steady heading to minimize motions.

 WIND HEEL RAISING ONE SIDE — Keep near-upright trim/ballast; reduce sail area; add heel margin.

 PORT/CHANNEL MIN CLEARANCE UNKNOWN — Confirm port criteria; obtain latest Notices/VTS info; record required margin.

 BRIDGE/CABLE CLEARANCE MISREAD — Use bridge air-draft gauge where fitted; cross-check charted value; do not rely on memory.

 OVERHEAD POWER LINES — Identify spans and safe clearance; keep mid-channel; slow; never touch/approach within limit.

 CONTAINER GANTRY BOOMS LOW — Confirm booms raised/locked; obtain terminal clearance before passing alongside/under.

 LOADING ARMS/PIPE RACKS LOW — Ensure arms swung clear/parked; coordinate with terminal; pass only after “all clear.”

 SHORE CRANES SWINGING — Agree crane freeze zone; keep off boom path; slow/stop until booms secured.

 SHIP’S CRANES/DERICKS UPRIGHT — Lower/stow jibs; secure slewing; lock pins; post “not to be used.”

 A-FRAMES/TOWERS/VENT MASTS — Lower/secure or verify height; tag with max air draft.

 RADAR SCANNERS/ANTENNAS UP — Power off; lower/fold scanners/whips if hinged; secure.

 VSAT/DOME HIGHEST POINT IGNORED — Include domes, lights, anemometers; update highest fixed point list.

 DECK CARGO/STACK HEIGHT EXCESS — Verify stack height vs route limits; reduce or re-stow; update air-draft figure.

 TEMP FITTINGS ON TOP (SCAFFOLD, TARPS) — Remove or lower; re-measure; prohibit ad-hoc additions.

 SNOW/ICE BUILD-UP ON TOP — Clear ice/snow; add allowance if cannot clear.

 BALLAST/TRIM NOT OPTIMIZED — Plan ballast to achieve safe air draft while keeping prop immersion/stability.

 BRIDGE OPENING/SWING BRIDGE MISTIMED — Book opening; confirm by VHF; approach at dead slow; wait if doubt.

 POOR VISIBILITY/NIGHT — Use illuminated gauges; extra lookout aloft/fo’c’sle; reduce speed; postpone if unclear.

 CURRENT/SET DRIFTING OFF TRACK — Hold centreline; small helm; keep maximum overhead clearance sector.

 MEETING TRAFFIC UNDER BRIDGE — Sequence with VTS; one-way if required; avoid overtakes near span.

 TUG/ESCORT LINE UP NEAR TOPSIDE — Keep tug well clear of projections; brief before passing under structures.

 GANTRY SPREADER ABOVE DECK — Ensure raised and locked; no movement while ship passes.

 HELICOPTER/DRONE OPS NEAR MAST — Suspend; clear area until past overhead hazards.

 RIGID INFLATABLE/BOATS ON CRADLES — Include boat/antenna height; lash and lower whip aerials.

 FISHING/WORK LIGHTS RIGGED HIGH — Lower/secure; verify clearances again.

 MOBILE CRANES ON QUAY — Obtain “cranes parked/booms down” confirmation; keep safe offset from quay.

 HARBOR WORKS/TEMP GANTRIES — Check Local NtM; verify temporary heights; slow and keep centre span.

 CONVEYORS/LOADING BELTS CROSSING — Stop belt; raise boom; pass only after confirmation.

 UNACCOUNTED FUNNEL TOP/FLAGS — Lower flagstaff; remove tall flags/poles; secure guys.

 CREW ON BRIDGE ROOF/MASTS — Prohibited during overhead-clearance transit; muster clear of top decks.

 MISCOMMUNICATION ON MARGINS — State required and actual clearance aloud; closed-loop repeat; Master decides “go/no-go.”

 NO ABORT POINT — Define abort position before the span; anchors ready; engines/thrusters available.

 SPEED TOO HIGH AT SPAN — Dead slow; maintain steerage; avoid squat and yaw; keep central alignment.

 AFTER PASSAGE NOT VERIFIED — Log min observed clearance; debrief; update air-draft list and passage plan.

Heavy Traffic During Navigational Watch

POOR WATCH HANDOVER — Formal handover: route, UKC, traffic picture, VTS, engine status, defects; confirm on ECDIS/radar.

 NO LOOKOUT IN HEAVY TRAFFIC — Post dedicated lookout; rotate to avoid fatigue; bridge wings used when needed.

 SAFE SPEED NOT REDUCED — Apply COLREGs Rule 6; slow early; engines ready for immediate maneuver.

 MASTER CALLED TOO LATE — Define call criteria (CPA/TCPA, vis, traffic density, machinery issues); call early.

 ECDIS SETTINGS WRONG — Correct safety depth/contour, cross-track/PI, look-ahead/anti-grounding ON; proper ENC scale.

 ARPA/RADAR MIS-TUNED — Tune/adjust gain/sea/rain clutter; set ranges/guard zones; use true-motion/true vectors when appropriate.

 CPA/TCPA ALARMS NOT SET/IGNORED — Set sensible thresholds; investigate alarms; adjust plan.

 OVER-RELIANCE ON AIS — Use AIS as aid; confirm with radar/visual/compass bearing; distrust AIS CPA alone.

 TARGET SWAP/LOSS ON ARPA — Verify with visual bearings; re-acquire; don’t base maneuvers on doubtful tracks.

 DISTRACTION (PHONE/PAPERWORK) — No admin work; phones away; focus on navigation and lookout.

 FATIGUE/LOW ALERTNESS — Fit team; caffeine/water; short breaks/reliefs; call Master if impaired.

 AUTOPILOT IN CLOSE QUARTERS — Hand steering; experienced helmsman; small, early rudder orders.

 POOR BRM WITH PILOT — Closed-loop comms; challenge & response; Master retains override; shared mental model.

 VTS MISCOMMUNICATION — Use correct channel/phraseology; read back; keep COLREGs responsibility regardless of VTS advice.

 VISIBILITY RESTRICTED/FOG — Fog signals; reduce speed; extra radar watch/PI; call Master; prepare anchors.

 NIGHT GLARE/BACKGROUND LIGHTS — Dim bridge lights; use blinds; confirm targets by bearing drift and radar.

 HEAVY RAIN/SEA CLUTTER — Adjust radar clutter; shorten ranges; increase visual/echo-sounder checks.

 BANK EFFECT/INTERACTION — Keep mid-channel; reduce speed when meeting/overtaking; give more clearance.

 SQUAT IN SHALLOW/CONFINED — Calculate; slow down; keep to centreline; allow extra UKC.

 CROSSING/TSS CONFLICTS — Comply Rule 10; cross at right angles; keep to lane; avoid inshore traffic zone unless allowed.

 NARROW CHANNELS (RULE 9) — Keep starboard side; sound signals; avoid crossing traffic; be prepared to stop.

 MEETING/OVERTAKING LARGE SHIPS — Early, substantial maneuvers; agree on VHF only to clarify, not replace COLREGs.

 HIGH-SPEED FERRIES/HSVs — Anticipate rapid closure; keep clear early; make intentions obvious.

 TUGS WITH LONG TOW — Identify tow lights/day shapes; never pass between tug and tow; give wide berth.

 DREDGERS/RAM/NUC/CBD — Recognize shapes/lights; pass on safe side; request instructions if unsure.

 FISHING FLEETS (GEAR OUT) — Keep well clear of trawls/nets/markers; cross astern; reduce speed.

 SMALL CRAFT/LEISURE BOATS — Expect erratic maneuvers; give room; sound signals; keep speed low near marinas.

 VESSELS AT ANCHOR SWINGING NEAR CHANNEL — Allow for swing; verify they are not dragging; pass with caution and low wash.

 SECURITY/EXCLUSION ZONES — Observe distances to naval/terminal areas; follow local rules; slow/no-wake as posted.

 CONGESTED ANCHORAGE EXIT/ENTRY — Post extra lookout; slow; sound signals; keep to agreed traffic pattern.

 UNLIT/POORLY LIT TARGETS — Use radar/thermal if fitted; reduce speed; alter to safe water early.

 BLIND SECTORS (CARGO/DECK STACK) — Use bridge wings; extra lookout; don't rely on centreline alone.

 WRONG SOUND/LIGHT SIGNALS — Display correct nav lights/shapes; use whistle per COLREGs; test before departure.

 ENGINE/THRUSTER NOT READY — Confirm status at MPE; stand-by mode as needed; ER informed; test ahead/astern.

 EMERGENCY ANCHOR NOT READY — Walk out to ready; brake tested; clear hawse; team briefed.

 POSITION MONITORING WEAK — Use PI lines; frequent fixes; compare ECDIS/Radar/visual; alarmed cross-track limits.

 CURRENT/SET ACROSS TRACK — Crab early; plan wheel-over; reduce speed; request tugs if losing control.

 MEETING UNDER BRIDGE/IN BENDS — Avoid; sequence with VTS; sound bend signals; keep to outer edge of bend.

 BARGE/WORK BOATS AHEAD — Establish contact; agree passing side/speed; keep clear of work areas and cables.

 ANCHORS FISHED/NOT SECURE — Secure fully; avoid anchor walk-out; monitor on turns and wash.

 MOB/DECK WORK NEAR BOW — Suspend non-essential deck work; keep crew off forecastle in close quarters.

 INACCURATE CPA DUE TO OWN ALTERATION — Re-assess after each maneuver; don’t chase CPA with frequent small alterations.

 COLLISION AVOIDANCE TOO LATE/SMALL — Early, bold alterations per Rule 8; pass at safe distance; maintain course after making it apparent.

 GOING AHEAD INTO DANGER — Prefer large alteration of course to starboard over small speed changes when practicable.

 POOR RECORDS — Log key events: calls, course/speed changes, CPA/TCPA, visibility, pilot/VTS comms.

 NO ABORT PLAN — Pre-define safe water/escape track; engines/anchors ready; execute early if situation degrades.

 POST-TRANSIT NO REVIEW — Debrief; capture lessons; update local pilotage/port guide for next call.

Poor Visibility During Navigational Watch

SUDDEN FOG / POOR VIS — Reduce speed early; sound signals (Rule 35); post extra lookout; call Master; engines stand-by.

 AUTOPILOT LEFT ON — Hand steering; experienced helmsman; small, early course alterations.

 POOR BRM — Define roles; closed-loop comms; challenge/response; Master retains override.

 MASTER CALLED TOO LATE — Set call criteria (CPA/TCPA/vis drop/traffic); call early.

 SAFE SPEED NOT REDUCED — Apply Rule 6; be ready to stop/astern; avoid high RPM changes.

 RADAR MIS-TUNED — Adjust gain/sea/rain; use multiple ranges; set guard zones; EBL/VRM in use.

 ARPA TRACK ERRORS — Verify plots; re-acquire doubtful targets; don’t maneuver on bad vectors.

 OVER-RELIANCE ON AIS — Use as aid only; confirm with radar/visual/bearings; no CPA deals by VHF alone.

 CPA/TCPA ALARMS OFF/WRONG — Set sensible thresholds; investigate each alarm; adjust as situation changes.

 ECDIS SCALE/SETTINGS WRONG — Proper scale; safety contour/depth set; anti-grounding/look-ahead ON; PI lines active.

 POSITION MONITORING WEAK — Cross-check GNSS, radar ranges, visual/compass bearings, echo sounder; log fixes.

 WINDOW FOG/SPRAY/GLARE — Wipers/demisters on; heat/vent correct; dim bridge lights; use blinds/bridge wings.

 LOOKOUT MISSING — Dedicated lookout (hearing watch); rotate to avoid fatigue; use wings if safe.

 SOUND SIGNALS NOT USED — Make correct fog signals; test whistle; auto-fog unit if fitted.

 NAV LIGHTS DIM/DEFECTIVE — Check/clean lenses; replace failed lamps; verify day shapes when anchored.

 VTS/PILOT MISCOMMS — Use correct channel; short standard phrases; read back; COLREGs still apply.

 MEETING/OVERTAKING IN FOG — Early, bold actions per Rules 8 & 19; prefer starboard alteration; avoid alteration to port for targets ahead on radar alone.

 TSS/CROSSING IN POOR VIS — Keep to lane; cross at right angles when safe; slow or delay if doubt.

 SHALLOW WATER SQUAT UNACCOUNTED — Reduce speed; keep mid-channel; add UKC allowance.

 CURRENT/SET UNSEEN — Allow drift; adjust track early; slow to maintain control.

 ANCHORS NOT READY — Prepare anchors for immediate use; test windlass; clearing bearings set.

 ECHO SOUNDER OFF/WRONG OFFSET — Switch on; verify keel/waterline offset; monitor trend.

 BLIND SECTORS BY CARGO/DECK — Use wings; reposition lookout; verify with radar plots.

 SMALL CRAFT/UNLIT BOATS — Expect erratic moves; slow; maximize CPA; use searchlight only if it helps.

 FISHING FLEET/GEAR — Keep well clear of likely nets; pass astern; watch for sound signals.

 HIGH-SPEED FERRIES/HSVs — Anticipate rapid closure; make intentions obvious; give room early.

 ENGINE/STEERING NOT READY — Stand-by engines; test ahead/astern; both steering pumps available.

 DECK WORK DURING FOG — Suspend non-essential deck jobs; keep crew off forecastle unless necessary and safe.

 POOR RECORDING OF EVENTS — Log vis, speed/course changes, signals, CPA/TCPA, calls to Master/VTS.

 NO ABORT/SLOW-DOWN PLAN — Pre-define safe water/holding position; execute early if picture degrades.

 ANCHORING IN FOG MISMANAGED — If anchoring: slow to bare steerage; proper sound signals; anchor watch and lights set.

 POST-EVENT NO REVIEW — Debrief; capture lessons; update local pilotage/port notes.

Failure Of Navigational Equipment

GPS/GNSS LOST — Shift to radar/visual fixes + DR; reduce speed; call Master; update ECDIS manually; prepare to anchor if doubt.

 GPS SPOOF/JAM SUSPECTED — Cross-check with radar/PI/visual/echo; disable route-following; DR only; report to VTS/CSO; safe speed.

 ECDIS (ONE UNIT) FAIL — Transfer to other ECDIS; verify sensors; keep PI/anti-grounding; log defect; call Master.

 ECDIS (BOTH) FAIL — Immediate paper/backup nav; frequent fixes (radar/visual/echo); safe speed; delay pilotage/shallow legs.

 ENC PERMITS/UPDATES MISSING — Use paper/raster backup; widen margins; request updates; avoid confined waters until corrected.

 GYRO #1 FAIL — Switch to Gyro #2; verify error; realign radars; record compass error; safe speed.

 ALL GYROS FAIL — Steer by magnetic; apply variation/deviation; head-up radar; call Master; postpone close-quarters navigation.

 HEADING MISALIGN (GYRO vs MAG/RADAR) — Identify correct source; select single heading input; re-align bearings/PI; caution with ARPA.

 RADAR (ONE) FAIL — Use remaining radar on split ranges; strengthen lookout; safe speed; repair planned.

 RADAR (BOTH) FAIL — Visual/echo/PI with transits; slow down; fog signals if RV; postpone confined legs; call Master.

 ARPA/AIS CPA UNRELIABLE — Manual EBL/VRM plots; do not rely on CPA; early, bold COLREG maneuvers.

 AIS FAIL — Inform VTS/pilot; use call sign/position by voice; log defect; lights/shapes per COLREGS maintained.

 ECHO SOUNDER FAIL — Avoid shallow legs; increase UKC margin; use charts/levelling/leadline if possible; slow speed.

 SPEED LOG FAIL — Use GPS SOG/STW estimates (rpm tables, set/drift); cautious maneuvers; note in log.

 BNWAS FAIL — Continuous presence on bridge; buddy checks; repair ASAP; log and inform Master.

 AUTOPILOT FAIL/ERRATIC — Hand steering; engage alternate pilot if fitted; test steering pumps; reduce speed in close quarters.

 CONNING/DISPLAY FAIL — Use stand-alone instruments; write clear orders; call Master; repair planned.

 WIND SENSOR FAIL — Use visual cues/sea state; pilot reports; adjust maneuvering margins.

 TIME/NTP/GPS TIME OFF — Manual time set; sync all logs/displays; caution with recorded CPA/TCPA.

 PPU (PILOT) FAIL — Continue on ship sensors; confirm plan/speeds; extra cross-checks; slow if needed.

 ECDIS SENSOR INPUT WRONG (XTD/DEPTH) — Verify inputs; correct safety contour/depth; re-enable anti-grounding; recheck route.

 LOG/RADAR SPEED DISAGREE — Trust visual/PI/ground log; reassess set/drift; adjust CPA plans.

 DGPS DIFFERENTIAL LOST — Expect lower accuracy; widen margins; use radar/visual fixes; safe speed.

 VHF CH 16/WORKING SET FAIL — Use second set/handhelds; phone VTS if required; maintain sound signals.

 NAVTEX/SafetyNET FAIL — Request MSI via VTS/pilot/internet; post temporary notices on bridge.

 BRIDGE UPS/POWER DIP — Start on emergency supply; re-power radars/ECDIS; verify sensor states; safe speed/consider stopping.

 SENSOR ALARM FLOOD — Do not silence blindly; identify faulty source; isolate/label; keep essential alarms active.

 STEERING REPEATER ERROR — Compare with master compass; use reliable repeater only; hand steer if doubt.

 THRUSTER/JOYSTICK CTRL FAIL (NAV EQUIP TIE-IN) — Shift to manual lever; brief tugs; slow/stop as needed.

 ECDIS ROUTE/ALARM CONFIG LOST — Load last good route; re-enter limits; cross-check waypoints with paper/PPU.

 PILOT PLUG/INTERFACE FAIL — Share data by voice; adjust speed; use ship’s displays; confirm wheel-over points aloud.

 SART/EPIRB/GMDSS GPS FEED FAIL — Use manual position entry; test as allowed; record defect and inform CSO.

 LOGGING/RECORDER (VDR) PARTIAL FAIL — Note times/events manually; expedite repair; preserve data if incident risk.

 ECHO SOUNDER OFFSET WRONG — Reset keel/waterline offset; verify with known depth; brief team.

 ECDIS HEADING OFFSET — Re-align bearings/PI; verify true/rel settings; test with fixed targets.

 COMPASS DEVIATION CHANGE — Take azimuth/Transit bearing; update deviation; apply to courses until swung.

 DEFECT NOT RECORDED/REPORTED — Enter in bridge defect log; inform Master/office; raise requisition; post bridge note.

 NO CONTINGENCY PLAN — Use “degraded nav” checklist: call Master, slow down, increase fixes, prepare anchors, postpone confined waters.

Fumigation Of Cargo

NO FUMIGATION PLAN/BRIEF — Licensed fumigator only; written plan; toolbox talk; roles/abort criteria; port/VTS notified.

 WRONG METHOD (IN-TRANSIT vs IN-PORT) — Confirm permitted method with flag/port; follow IMO/IMSBC guidance; get approvals.

 UNKNOWN FUMIGANT — Identify product (e.g., aluminium phosphide → PH₃); read SDS; brief on symptoms/limits.

 LEAKAGE OF GAS TO ACCOM/DECK — Gas-tight survey; seal hatches/ventilators/cable glands; monitor adjacent spaces; post “DO NOT ENTER – FUMIGATION” signs.

 VENTS/FANS LEFT OPEN — Shut and seal hold vents/fans; tag controls; post warnings; verify closure on bridge/engine panels.

 UNAUTHORIZED ENTRY TO HOLD/DUCTS — Prohibit entry; lock/label accesses; attendant/gangway watch; permit only after gas-free.

 NO GAS MONITORING — Provide PH₃ tubes/detector; set checks in accommodation, holds, coamings, duct keels; record readings.

 DEFECTIVE/EXPIRED DETECTORS — Use in-date tubes/sensors; bump-test; keep spares; train users.

 TOXIC EXPOSURE (PH₃) — Work up-wind; minimize time on deck above holds; wear respirator/SCBA if required by readings; evacuate on alarm/symptoms.

 SYMPTOMS IGNORED — Stop work; move to fresh air; medical help; oxygen if prescribed; report incident.

 FIRE/FLAMMABILITY OF PH₃ — Ban ignition sources near leakage points; no hot work; control static; keep electrical gear off hold tops.

 WRONG TABLET PLACEMENT — Fumigator places charges per plan; use sleeves/placards; avoid direct contact with cargo where prohibited.

 MOISTURE CONTACT DURING CHARGING — Keep tablets dry until placed; avoid puddles/rain; handle with gloves/ladle per procedure.

 UNTRAINED CREW HANDLING TABLETS — Crew do not handle—licensed fumigator only; supervise from safe distance.

 NO WARNING NOTICES — Post bilingual warning at gangway/hold accesses with start time, fumigant, hazards, contact.

 NO SECURE AREA BARRICADES — Rope off hatch tops/coamings; “No entry/fumigation in progress” signs; night lighting.

 ACCOM/AHU INTAKE NEAR HOLDS — Adjust HVAC; minimize fresh-air intakes near hatch covers; monitor accommodation for PH₃.

 GAS MIGRATION TO DUCT KEELS/PIPE TUNNELS — Seal penetrations; include these spaces in routine gas checks.

 FUMIGATION DURING BUNKERING/HOT WORK — Prohibit conflicting SIMOPS; separate in time; permit system enforced.

 HEAVY WEATHER DURING IN-TRANSIT — Recheck sealing after storms; monitor readings; adjust route/work on deck minimized.

 NO EMERGENCY PLAN — Define alarms, muster, SCBA team, medical response; drill signals; SSAS/VTS contacts ready if needed.

 SCBA/EEBD NOT READY — Stage SCBA at access; check pressure; spare cylinders ready; attendants briefed.

 STEEL CREW/CONTRACTORS NOT BRIEFED — Induct stevedores/contractors; share readings; restrict areas; record acknowledgment.

 PORT/FLAG RULES IGNORED — Comply with IMO “Pesticides on ships” guidance and national rules; keep certificates onboard.

 CERTIFICATES MISSING — Obtain Fumigation Certificate (start) and Gas-Free Certificate (before opening/entry/discharge).

 DISCHARGE STARTED BEFORE GAS-FREE — Do not open hatches/discharge until certified gas-free; ventilate as directed; verify readings.

 INADEQUATE VENTILATION/DEFUMIGATION — Follow fumigator’s vent cycle; open designated vents/hatches; confirm safe readings at multiple levels.

 RESIDUAL POWDER/DUST ON TOPPING OFF — Treat residues as hazardous; PPE; collect in marked containers; dispose per instructions.

 SPENT RESIDUE REACTIVATION (WETTING) — Keep residues dry; do not hose; place in airtight drums with quench medium if instructed by fumigator.

 FUMIGANT PACKETS LOST IN CARGO — Record placement; tally on discharge; stop and locate missing units; inform terminal.

 GAS BUILD-UP IN ACCOM SPACES — Routine checks at vents, stair towers, fan rooms; immediate evacuation and sealing if detected.

 FALSE SENSE OF SECURITY (ODOURLESS/LOW ODOR) — Never rely on smell; instrument readings only.

 PPE WRONG/ABSENT — Chemical-resistant gloves, goggles/face shield when handling residues; respirator/SCBA as per readings/SDS.

 NO MEDICAL INFO ONBOARD — Keep SDS and first-aid sheet at gangway/bridge; local emergency contacts ready.

 CONFINED/ENCLOSED SPACE CROSS-OVER — Treat hold/duct entry as enclosed space: permit, gas test (O₂/PH₃/LEL/CO), ventilation, attendant, rescue plan.

 LIGHTERS/SMOKING ON DECK — Total ban near fumigated holds; signage; enforcement.

 OPEN FLAME/CUTTING NEAR HOLD TOP — Prohibit until gas-free certified; hot-work permit only after testing.

 WEATHER DECK WORK ABOVE FUMIGATED HOLD — Minimize; up-wind positioning; time-limit exposure; continuous PH₃ checks.

 POOR RECORDKEEPING — Log start/end times, products, doses, seal checks, monitoring points/readings, alarms, actions.

 NO CREW TRAINING/AWARENESS — Annual brief; on-signing induction; posters on symptoms/controls.

 INCORRECT STOW (CLOSE TO ACCOM) — Prefer holds away from accommodation for fumigated cargoes when possible.

 PORT ENTRY WITHOUT NOTIFICATION — Inform agent/port health/quarantine in advance; present certificates on arrival.

 OPENING WRONG HATCH FIRST — Follow fumigator’s sequence; open to leeward first; maintain cordon.

 VENT GAS AFFECTS NEIGHBOUR — Coordinate with terminal/adjacent vessels; warn before venting; choose time/wind window.

 CONTAINER/UNIT FUMIGATION ON DECK — Treat as hazardous unit; placard; segregate; monitor nearby intakes; no accommodation approach.

 DISPOSAL OF RESIDUES ILLEGAL — Land to approved contractor; document chain of custody; no sea disposal.

 EVIDENCE AFTER INCIDENT LOST — Preserve readings/logs, photos of seals, residue containers; report to company/authorities.

 POST-JOB NOT CLOSED OUT — Remove signs/barriers when gas-free; update logs; debrief; capture lessons learned.

Lifting Operations (Stores / Supplies)

NO LIFT PLAN/BRIEF — Lift plan approved; toolbox talk; roles/comms; abort criteria; exclusion zones marked.

 UNKNOWN/WRONG LOAD WEIGHT — Verify weight/CoG; weigh or estimate from packing list; don’t lift if uncertain.

 SWL/WLL EXCEEDED — Check crane chart at boom radius; apply sling angle factors; stay ≤ rated load.

 SIDE LOADING / SHOCK LOAD — Vertical lifts only; no snatching; smooth hoist/slew; steady with taglines.

 POOR COMMS SHIP–SHORE/BOAT — One channel; repeat-back; standard hand signals; stop if comms lost.

 CREW UNDER SUSPENDED LOAD — Prohibit; enforce exclusion/drop zones; spotter to keep area clear.

 TAGLINES MISSING — Fit taglines to control swing; keep hands off load; no wrapping around hand/body.

 LOAD SWING / SHIP/BOAT MOTION — Time lifts with heave; reduce speed; create lee; abort on excessive motion.

 WIND LIMITS EXCEEDED — Observe crane/winch wind limits; postpone in strong or gusty wind.

 INCORRECT RIGGING METHOD — Choose choke/basket/2–4-leg correctly; use spreader for long/fragile loads.

 SLING ANGLE <60° — Re-rig to improve angle; calculate leg loads; don’t exceed WLL.

 SHARP EDGES CUT SLINGS — Use corner protectors/softeners; inspect after lift.

 DAMAGED/UNCERTIFIED GEAR — Inspect hooks/latches, shackles, slings; valid certificates/tags; remove defective gear.

 HOOK LATCH OPEN/MISSING — Use hooks with safety latch; confirm closed before hoist.

 WRONG SHACKLE/PIN — Use correct size/type; pins fully seated and moused if required; WLL ≥ leg load.

 DRUMS/CYLINDERS LIFTED BY SLING — Use drum clamps or cages; no chokes on single drums; keep upright.

 GAS CYLINDERS LOOSE — Lift in approved bottle racks/cages; caps fitted; never by valve/chain only.

 PALLETS BREAK/POOR PACKING — Check pallet condition; band/strap/film; use cargo net for small items.

 REEFER/FOOD (COLD CHAIN) — Prioritize; pre-stage cold store; minimize time on deck/sun.

 LOAD CATCHES ON RAIL/STRUCTURE — Clear route; lift clear before slewing; slow movements; watch snag points.

 CRUSH/PINCH IN LANDING ZONE — Hands clear; guide with taglines; one banksman gives final set-down signals.

 OVERSIDE LIFTS TO BOAT — Lifejackets on deck crew; heaving line ready; steady boat/lee; don’t pass over people.

 BOAT FENDER/PROPELLER RISK — Keep load outside prop wash; coordinate with coxswain; stop engines if agreed.

 QUAY POWER LINES/CRANES ABOVE — Survey overhead; keep clear of lines/booms; get “all clear” from terminal.

 NIGHT/POOR LIGHTING — Floodlight crane tip, hook and landing areas; headlamps for banksmen; stop if cannot see.

 RAIN/ICE/SLIPPERY DECK — Grit/de-ice; dry landing spot; anti-slip footwear; slow pace.

 WRONG CRANE CONFIG/RADIUS — Set boom and radius per plan; verify outreach; re-check SWL at that radius.

 LIMITERS/BRAKES/ALARMS DEFECT — Function test hoist/slew limits and brakes; no work if faults; isolate and report.

 WIRE ROPE TWIST/KINK/DAMAGE — Inspect reeving and rope condition; no birdcaging/kinks; lube as per PMS.

 SLEW INTO OBSTRUCTIONS — Establish slew limits; spotter on blind side; small, deliberate slews only.

 PEOPLE ON ACCOM LADDER/GANGWAY — Clear access before slewing near; rig “No access” signs; watchman posted.

 SIMOPS (BUNKERING/HOT WORK/MOORING) — Separate in time/space; extra watch; permits aligned.

 HEAVY/LONG LOADS WITHOUT SPREADER — Fit spreader/strongback; pick at marked lift points; trial-lift low.

 UNSTABLE CoG / TIPPING — Trial lift 10–20 cm; adjust slings until level; only then full hoist.

 CONTAINERS/BOXES UNLATCHED — Check lids/doors; secure with bands; no loose items on top.

 POWER TOOL/GEAR DROP FROM LOAD — Use nets/closed boxes; tool lanyards for riggers; keep pockets closed.

 HAND IN BIGHT OF SLING — Prohibit; use taglines and handles; brief “hands clear” rule.

 PPE MISSING — Helmet with chin strap, gloves, safety shoes, eye/ear protection as needed; PFD for overside.

 FORKLIFT/SHORE PLANT INTERFACE — Banksman controls zone; no people near forks; engine neutral when hooking on/off.

 CRANE OPERATOR FATIGUE/INEXPERIENCE — Authorized/fit operator only; reliefs scheduled; no training lifts during ops.

 EMERGENCY STOP NOT KNOWN — Identify and brief E-stop; practice stop in air; clear wording for “STOP”.

 HYDRAULIC/OIL LEAKS — Inspect hoses/cylinders; drip trays; stop work on leak; clean immediately.

 HOT WORK NEAR LIFT — Prohibit sparks/flames in lift path; sequence tasks; fire watch as needed.

 WEATHER DETERIORATION MID-JOB — Pause and secure; lash half-landed loads; resume when safe.

 STOWAGE AFTER LIFT — Lash heavy stores; keep walkways clear; do not stack above safe height.

 GEAR NOT RETURNED/TAGGED — Clean/inspect; tag damaged; store dry; update lifting gear register.

 POST-JOB NOT CLOSED — Remove barriers; sign off; debrief and record lessons/defects.

Diving Operations

NO PERMIT/PLAN — Master-approved dive plan; port/VTS cleared; toolbox talk; abort criteria set; “DIVERS BELOW” signs displayed.

 POOR COMMS/ROLES — Appoint Dive Supervisor, tender, standby diver, bridge link; test comms (hardline/VHF/hand signals).

 ENGINES/PROP/THRUSTERS RUNNING — Engines stopped; CPP fixed; thrusters/stabilizers isolated & tagged; bridge broadcasts before any movement.

 SEA SUCTIONS/OVERBOARDS LIVE — Close/LOTO sea inlets/overboard discharges near work (cooling, bilge, ballast, sewage); confirm zero flow.

 ECHO SOUNDER/SONAR ON — Switch off sounders/sonar near divers; post warning on bridge.

 SHIP MOVEMENT/SURGE — Maintain steady heading/lines; create lee if alongside; suspend if wash/surge unsafe.

 OTHER VESSELS IN AREA — Hoist Flag A; guard boat or watchman; notify VTS; establish exclusion zone.

 CURRENT/TIDE TOO STRONG — Check tide; measure set; postpone or add safety lines/DP support; limit bottom time.

 POOR VISIBILITY/NIGHT — Extra lighting/markers; reflective SMB/umbilical; slow ops or postpone.

 COLD WATER/HYPOTHERMIA — Thermal underlayers/dry suits; time limits; warm shelter; hot drinks.

 CONTAMINATED WATER/SEWAGE — Risk assess; correct PPE/suits; hepatitis/tetanus up to date; decon on recovery.

 MARINE LIFE/SHARPS — Gloves/kevlar; avoid contact; treat stings/cuts; report exposures.

 ENTANGLEMENT/ENTRAPMENT (NETS/LINES/UMBS) — Umbilical management; cutting tool/knife; avoid sea chests/overhangs; standby diver ready.

 LOST DIVER/LOST COMMS — Diver recall signal; stop all machinery; commence line search; inform VTS/SAR as per plan.

 UMBILICAL PART/LEAK — Bail-out cylinder fitted & in date; immediate recovery; emergency gas panel ready.

 INSUFFICIENT GAS SUPPLY — Pre-calc gas; full cylinders/banks; pressure checks; secondary source on line.

 GAS CONTAMINATION (CO/CO₂/OIL) — Breathing-air compressor maintained; CO monitor; change filters; sample per schedule.

 DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS (DCS) — Follow tables/computer; depth/time control; O₂ first aid on surface; chamber contact/route known.

 BAROTRAUMA (EARS/LUNGS/SINUS) — Fit diver; no diving with colds; controlled ascent/descent; stop if pain.

 OXYGEN TOXICITY (NITROX) — Verify mix; set PPO₂ limits; analyzers calibrated; MOD observed.

 HYPERCAPNIA/EXERTION — Pace work; adequate ventilation; rest intervals; monitor diver breathing rate.

 IN-WATER WELD/CUT NEAR HULL — Only specialized contractor with permit; isolation of ship power/returns; fire watch topside; water safety.

 PROPELLER/ROPE CUTTER WORK — Prop fully isolated; locking confirmed; tagout at controls; hull markings for diver position.

 ANODE/GRINDING/BRUSHING DEBRIS — Face/eye protection rated; visor; control visibility/silt; topside PPE for flying fragments.

 SEA CHEST/GRATE REMOVAL — Double isolation/blank; verify zero flow; secure grate; lift plan for retrieval.

 HULL CLEANING SPREAD OF FOULING — Follow local biofouling rules; capture system if required; dispose as per port/SMS.

 WORK BELOW OVERHANGS/FLARE — Maintain vertical reference; standby diver attentive; avoid direct under-keel in swell.

 ENTRY INTO SEA CHESTS/INLETS (CONFINED) — Treat as confined space: special permit, additional supervision, lifeline, comms, gas checks if applicable.

 BOAT TRANSFER/RECOVERY — Lifejackets/helmets; kill-cord; coordinated approach; hands inside; heave-to during embark/disembark.

 SLIP/TRIP ON DIVE DECK — Non-slip mats; tidy hoses; wet-deck management; good lighting.

 CYLINDER/GEAR HANDLING INJURY — Use trolleys; team lift; secure bottles upright; caps on.

 HEAT STRESS IN SUITS/SUN — Shade; hydration; limit pre-dive kitting time; cool rest area.

 STANDBY DIVER NOT READY — Fully dressed to jump; comms check; rescue kit (strops/board) rigged.

 EMERGENCY LIFT NOT PREPARED — Rig recovery line/D-rings; davit or ladder ready; clear route from water to deck.

 MEDICAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE — O₂ kit (15 lpm NRB/CPR mask), first aid/AED at site; medevac contacts and chamber ETA posted.

 DOCUMENTS/NOTICES MISSING — Dive permit, JSA, drawings/marks, LOTO list, VTS notice; “No discharge / No engines” signs at controls.

 SIMOPS CONFLICT (CARGO/HOT WORK/BUNKERS) — Separate in time/space; dedicated watch to stop incompatible ops.

 FALLING OBJECTS FROM DECK — Exclusion zone above diver; no heaving lines/tools over side; tool lanyards.

 NOISE/ULTRASOUND NEAR DIVER — Stop high-power sonars/ultrasound cleaners; maintain safe distances from waterjets.

 WEATHER CHANGE MID-DIVE — Continuous weather watch; abort on thunder/squalls; recover early if sea state rises.

 FATIGUE/UNFIT DIVER — Fit-to-dive check; alcohol/drug free; rest compliance; no diving with illness.

 WRONG/DEFECTIVE PPE — Correct suit/hood/gloves/boots; tested comms/helmet; pre-dive function checks signed.

 NAV LIGHTS/SHAPES NOT USED — By day Flag A; by night all-round red or as per local rules; deck lighting on.

 ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASE (OIL/PAINT) — No discharges; SOPEP ready; collect residues; report per port rules.

 POST-DIVE DECOMPRESSION/OBSERVATION — Follow surface interval guidance; monitor diver 24 hrs for DCS symptoms; log dive.

 RECORDS NOT KEPT — Record times, depths, gas, tasks, LOTO points, incidents; file permit closure and debrief.

Working In Hot Climate

NO HEAT STRESS PLAN — Set heat policy (WBGT/Heat Index triggers), work/rest/hydration rules, roles, abort criteria.

 NO ACCLIMATIZATION — Ramp workload over 3–7 days; lighter duties first; monitor new/returning crew.

 HIGH WBGT / HEAT INDEX — Measure hourly; apply work/rest cycles; add shade/fans; reduce pace.

 DIRECT SUN / UV — Wide-brim hat/neck flap; long sleeves; SPF 30–50 broad-spectrum (reapply 2h); UV400 eyewear.

 GLARE FROM SEA/PAINT — Polarized/UV eyewear; shade/visors on bridge; slow down if visibility affected.

 INADEQUATE HYDRATION — Drink 150–250 ml every 15–20 min; potable water available at job site; no rationing.

 ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE — Alternate water with oral rehydration (as needed); salty snacks; avoid over-dilution (hyponatremia).

 CAFFEINE/ENERGY DRINKS — Limit; prefer water/ORS; avoid before heavy heat work.

 ALCOHOL PREVIOUS NIGHT — Prohibit before duty; extra hydration/monitoring if disclosed.

 HEAT CRAMPS — Stop work; cool area; ORS; gentle stretch; resume only when symptom-free.

 HEAT EXHAUSTION — Move to shade/AC; loosen PPE; cool packs to neck/armpits/groin; fluids; medical review.

 HEAT STROKE (EMERGENCY) — Call medical; rapid active cooling (ice/wet towels + fan); no return to work; document incident.

 FAINTING / DIZZINESS — Sit/lie in shade; elevate legs; hydrate; buddy system to spot early signs.

 COGNITIVE SLOWING / POOR DECISIONS — Shorter task bouts; more supervision; rotate crew.

 HEAVY PPE / COVERALLS — Use light, breathable FR where allowed; scheduled cool-down breaks; cooling vests if available.

 RESPIRATOR USE IN HEAT — Minimize duration; rotate users; monitor for distress; ensure fit without over-tightening.

 ENGINE ROOM / GALLEY HEAT — Max ventilation; local fans; time-limit entries; cool rest area nearby.

 HOT METAL SURFACES (DECK/HANDRAILS) — Test with back of hand; gloves; shade/insulate; paint light colors where possible.

 BURNS FROM STEAM/PIPEWORK — Mark/guard hot lines; permit/LOTO for insulation removal; heat-resistant gloves.

 ENCLOSED OR POORLY VENTILATED SPACES — Treat as enclosed space; forced ventilation; temp check; shorter entries.

 WORKING AT HEIGHT IN SUN — Shade where possible; rotate; hydrate before climb; sunscreen on neck/ears.

 HOT WORK + HEAT STRESS — Separate tasks in time; extra rest/hydration; fire kit staged in shade.

 DECK OPS MIDDAY — Reschedule to early/late; micro-breaks in shade; cool drinks on site.

 NIGHT SHIFT AFTER HOT DAY — Ensure sleep in cooled cabin; extra lookout for fatigue; hydrate before watch.

 DEHYDRATION → KIDNEY STONES — Encourage steady intake; monitor urine color; medical if persistent pain.

 SKIN RASH / HEAT RASH — Keep skin dry; breathable clothing; barrier creams; change sweaty garments.

 SUNBURN — SPF 30–50 to exposed skin/lips 20 min before work; reapply after sweating/wash.

 EYE UV DAMAGE — Wrap-around UV400 glasses; keep spares; anti-fog lens care.

 SLIPS FROM SWEAT/WATER — Wipe work area; anti-slip footwear; towel for hands/tools.

 FOOD SAFETY IN HEAT — Rapidly chill perishables; insulated carriers; 2-hour rule for galley-to-deck food.

 MEDICATIONS INCREASING HEAT RISK — Check for diuretics/antihistamines/ADHD meds; assign lighter duties; monitor closer.

 PRE-EXISTING CONDITIONS (CARDIO/DIABETES) — Fit-for-duty check; personalized limits; buddy watch.

 INSUFFICIENT SHADE/REST AREA — Erect awnings; use AC space; fans/misters; seats off hot deck.

 INSUFFICIENT WATER POINTS — Place coolers every job area; label “DRINK EVERY 20 MIN”; ice supply.

 CLOTHING COLOR/MATERIAL — Light-colored, moisture-wicking long sleeves; neck protection; breathable safety boots.

 HAND TOOL TEMPERATURE — Store in shade; glove use; rotate sets to keep cool.

 METAL SEAT/STEERING WHEELS HOT (BOATS/DECK VEHICLES) — Cover with light cloth; park in shade; check before use.

 RADIANT HEAT FROM SUN ON TANK TOPS — Limit time; thermal mats; schedule for cooler hours.

 POOR LIGHTING WHEN AVOIDING SUN — Provide task lighting for dawn/dusk; maintain situational awareness.

 WATER QUALITY — Use potable only; clean dispensers daily; no bunkering hoses for drinking water.

 HYGIENE/SALT ON SKIN — Rinse sweat/salt; change shirts; prevent chafing.

 HOUSEKEEPING IN HEAT — Keep routes clear; minimize lift distances; mechanical aids to reduce exertion.

 TRAINING/AWARENESS — Brief heat signs; buddy checks; urine color chart in heads; daily toolbox heat note.

 RECORDS NOT KEPT — Log WBGT/Heat Index, breaks, any heat cases; review and adjust plan.

 EMERGENCY PREP MISSING — Ice, cool packs, ORS, stretcher ready; clear medevac contacts; drill response.

 POST-JOB RECOVERY — Cool down; rehydrate to pale-straw urine; review symptoms next watch.

Working In Cold Climate

NO COLD-WEATHER PLAN — Set triggers (temp/wind chill/ice); assign roles; schedule breaks; abort criteria.

 NO ACCLIMATIZATION — Ramp workload over 3–7 days; lighter duties first; monitor new/returning crew.

 WIND CHILL UNDERESTIMATED — Use wind-chill chart; add windbreaks; shorten exposure; postpone if extreme.

 HYPOTHERMIA — Buddy checks for shivering/confusion; move to warm/ dry; remove wet clothes; warm core first; medical review.

 FROSTBITE (FINGERS/TOES/EARS/NOSE) — Layered thermal PPE; windproof outer; mitts with liners; keep skin dry; do not rub; gradual re-warm.

 COLD WATER IMMERSION — PFD/immersion suits; lifelines overside; MOB kit ready; rapid recovery + rewarming protocol.

 DEHYDRATION IN COLD — Drink regularly (warm fluids/ORS); limit caffeine/alcohol; urine color checks.

 SWEAT → CHILL — Use moisture-wicking base; vent layers during work; change damp clothing promptly.

 REDUCED DEXTERITY/GRIP — Use glove liners/thin dexterity gloves under mitt shells; anti-slip tools; slower pace.

 FOG/POOR VISIBILITY — Extra lookout; task lighting; safe speed; reflective PPE.

 GLARE/UV FROM SNOW/ICE — UV400 eyewear; visor; manage bridge lighting to cut reflections.

 BLACK ICE ON DECK — Grit/sand; ice cleats; restrict routes; handrails mandatory.

 SLIP/TRIP ON SNOW/SLUSH — Continuous clearing; anti-slip footwear; slower movement; keep hands free.

 ICICLES/ICE FALLING ALOFT — Barricade below; knock down with pole; helmet with chin strap; eye/face protection.

 SEASPRAY ICE ACCRETION (STABILITY) — Monitor icing rate/heel; reduce speed/alter course; de-ice priority areas; record GM changes.

 SNOW COVER HIDES EDGES/OPENINGS — Mark edges with flags/tape; clear to reveal hazards; no walking on coamings.

 COLD-STIFF MOORING LINES/TAILS — Inspect; avoid shock loads; pre-tension slowly; warm winches; stand clear of snap-back.

 FROZEN WINCHES/BRAKES/FAIRLEADS — Pre-heat/grease; function test; avoid wash-down; keep covers on.

 HATCH COVERS FROZEN — De-ice/steam carefully; beware thermal shock; keep people clear of pinch points.

 VALVES/AIR PIPES/VENTS FROZEN — Heat trace; de-ice caps; test free flow before ops; monitor tank pressure.

 BOWS/DECK GEAR ICE LOAD — Remove ice evenly; keep symmetry; pause ops if buildup returns quickly.

 PILOT LADDER/GANGWAY ICED — De-ice steps/rails; safety net; non-slip; postpone transfer if unsafe.

 LIFEBOAT/RESCUE BOAT ICED UP — De-ice release gear; check engines/batteries; covers on; drills adapted to conditions.

 FIRE MAIN/HOSES FROZEN — Drain low points; circulate water periodically; store hoses warm; test nozzles.

 EXTINGUISHER PRESSURE DROP — Check gauges; keep spare in warm location.

 HYDRAULIC/LUBE OIL THICKENING — Pre-warm; run no-load circulation; slow, progressive movements.

 FUEL WAXING (MGO/VLSFO) — Use winter grade; heat tracing/filters; monitor differential pressure.

 AIR SYSTEM ICE (VALVES/TOOLS) — Drain receivers; ensure dryers work; approved methanol injection if allowed.

 BATTERY CAPACITY LOSS — Keep charged; store spares warm; test radios/headlamps before shift.

 PLASTICS/ACRYLICS BRITTLE — Handle guards/covers carefully; warm indoors before work.

 RESPIRATOR SEAL/ICE — Keep masks dry; change filters if iced; avoid beards for tight-seal masks.

 SPACE HEATERS/CO RISK — Only approved heaters; ventilate; CO alarm fitted/tested; clearance from combustibles.

 SPACE HEATER FIRE — Never leave unattended; stable base; no drying clothes on heaters.

 BRIDGE WINDOWS ICE/FOG — Wipers/demisters on; alcohol washer; keep spare blades; reduce internal glare.

 RADAR/ANTENNA ICE — De-ice safely; power off before handling; confirm scanner balance.

 CRANES/LIFTING IN FREEZE — De-ice wires/sheaves; slow movements; no side loading; wind limits respected.

 FROZEN CARGO RESIDUES/GRABS — De-ice working areas; slower grabs; exclusion zones for falling lumps.

 WATER ON DECK FREEZING — Divert scuppers; squeegee frequently; keep hoses drained.

 HOT WATER/STEAM DE-ICING BURNS — Wear face shield/gloves; control direction; beware slippery runoff.

 ENCLOSED SPACE TEMP EXTREMES — Limit time inside; warm-up breaks; forced ventilation; monitor workers.

 ENGINE ROOM HOT-COLD SHOCK — Staged transitions; remove condensed moisture on eyewear/tools.

 MEDICATION/HEALTH RISKS — Identify at-risk crew (cardio/diabetes); adjust duties; buddy system.

 FATIGUE/LONG NIGHTS — Shorter tasks; extra supervision; caffeine/warm rest area; rotate watch.

 TOOL METAL CONTACT COLD BURNS — Insulated handles; thin liners under gloves; avoid bare-skin contact.

 EMERGENCY RESPONSE SLOW — Stretcher/blankets/heat packs ready; clear routes; drill cold-weather scenarios.

 POOR RECORDS/NO FEEDBACK — Log temps/wind chill/icing; record incidents; update cold-weather SOP after each port/leg.

Moving Heavy Objects

NO PLAN/ROUTE — Define weight/CoG, path, door/height clearances, team roles, comms; brief and set abort points.

 UNKNOWN WEIGHT/CoG — Check docs or weigh; mark CoG; trial-lift a few cm to confirm balance before moving.

 WRONG TOOL/MECHANICAL AID — Choose trolley/skates/pallet jack/chain block/come-along/forklift/crane per load; avoid manual carry if heavy/bulky.

 EXCEEDING WLL/SWL — Verify ratings of slings/shackles/hoists/jacks/trolleys; don’t exceed; use spreaders where needed.

 UNSTABLE/TOP-HEAVY LOAD — Lower CoG, widen base, strap to pallet/strongback; move slow; keep hands off pinch zones.

 SHARP EDGES/CUTS — Fit edge protectors; wear cut-resistant gloves; deburr where possible.

 PINCH/CRUSH POINTS — Use handles/pinch bars; never place fingers under load; maintain toe/hand clearance.

 BACK STRAIN/POOR TECHNIQUE — Team lift; neutral spine; bend knees; keep load close; avoid twisting—move feet.

 OVERREACH/POOR GRIP — Reposition; improve handholds; use lifting straps/handles.

 VISIBILITY BLOCKED BY LOAD — Use banksman; walk backwards only with spotter; mirrors where helpful.

 SLIPS/TRIPS ON ROUTE — Clear obstacles/spills; lay mats/plates over gratings and gaps; good lighting.

 THRESHOLDS/DOOR SILLS — Use ramps/steel plates; secure against movement; check SWL of plates.

 RAMPS/INCLINES RUNAWAY — Chock wheels; use winch/taglines; never stand downhill in line of travel.

 STAIRS/LEVEL CHANGES — Use stair-climber or hoist; break load down; two-person technique with handrails.

 NARROW PASSAGES/BLIND CORNERS — Post lookouts; radios; one-way flow; slow pace.

 DECK CAMBER/SHIP MOTION — Schedule in calm periods; lower speed; add taglines; stop if roll/surge increases.

 NEAR SHIP’S SIDE/OPEN HATCH — Barricade edge; permit if overside risk; lifelines/PFD; tool and load tethers; safety net where needed.

 WORK IN CONFINED/ENCLOSED SPACE — Apply enclosed-space permit; ventilation; gas test; attendant; rescue plan.

 HOT SURFACES/BURNS — Cool/insulate before handling; heat-resistant gloves; plan alternate route.

 ELECTRICAL/STATIC WITH EQUIPMENT — Isolate power; earth where required; keep cables managed and protected.

 PALLET JACK MISUSE — Check rating; secure pallet; two-hand control; keep feet clear; no riding.

 ROLLER/SKATE PLACEMENT — Level base; equalize load; keep fingers clear; control with bars—no feet under skates.

 HYDRAULIC JACK FAILURE — Rated jack; correct jacking point; solid cribbing; never rely on jack alone—use stands/cribs.

 COME-ALONG/CHAIN BLOCK SIDE-LOAD — Straight-line pulls only; certified anchors; avoid shock loads; inspect before use.

 DOLLY/TROLLEY WHEEL FAILURE — Inspect wheels/bearings; avoid potholes; keep speed low; carry spares.

 TAGLINES NOT USED — Fit taglines to control swing/yaw; hands off the load; clear line of fire.

 FORKLIFT/SHORE PLANT INTERFACE — Exclusion zone; banksman; stable load height; never walk under forks.

 GAS CYLINDERS MOVING — Valve caps on; use bottle trolley/cage; keep upright; no dragging/rolling by hand.

 HEAVY MOTORS/VALVES WITH OFFSET CoG — Use lifting eyes; trial-lift; add counterweight/spreader; slow movements.

 LONG/AWKWARD LOADS — Two or more carriers; maintain level; fore/aft taglines; plan wide turns.

 STACKING/SECURING ON DECK — Chock and lash; keep height low; consider vessel motion; inspect periodically.

 SNAP-BACK FROM HAUL LINES — Inspect ropes; correct knots; keep clear of bights; brief snap-back zones.

 HAND IN BIGHT OF SLING/ROPE — Prohibit; use taglines/handles; brief “hands clear” rule.

 NOISE/DISTRACTION — One controller gives commands; radios checked; stop if comms lost.

 POOR LIGHTING/NIGHT — Flood/task lighting along route; headlamps; stop if you can’t see foot placement.

 WEATHER (RAIN/ICE/HEAT) — Grit/de-ice or delay; shade in heat; hydrate; adapt gloves/footwear to conditions.

 PPE MISSING — Hard hat, safety shoes with toe cap, eye protection, suitable gloves; add back support if prescribed.

 CHEMICAL/CONTAMINATED LOADS — Check SDS; correct PPE; prevent leaks; use trays/overpacks.

 PRESSURE VESSELS/SPRING-LOADED PARTS — Depressurize/LOTO; verify zero energy; secure moving parts.

 MAGNETIC LIFTERS/GRABS — Use only on clean, flat steel; within rating; no people under; test hold before travel.

 TEMPORARY PLATFORMS/PLATES FAILURE — Verify SWL/supports; secure against slip; inspect during job.

 WORKING NEAR TRAFFIC (CRANES/VEHICLES) — Barricade route; spotter; high-viz; stop traffic during passage.

 HOUSEKEEPING AFTER MOVE — Remove plates/ramps/chocks; return gear; clear debris; sign off area safe.

 FATIGUE/OVEREXERTION — Rotate tasks; take micro-breaks; hydrate; stop if capacity reduced.

 NO EMERGENCY PLAN — First aid and stretcher ready; clear emergency routes; know who to call and where to stop load safely.

Cargo Gear Operations

NO LIFT PLAN/BRIEF — Approved lift plan; toolbox talk; roles/comms; exclusion zones; abort criteria.

 UNKNOWN/WRONG LOAD WEIGHT — Verify weight/CoG; check lists/marks; trial-lift a few cm to confirm balance.

 SWL/WLL EXCEEDED — Check crane chart at actual radius; sling angle factors; stay ≤ rated load.

 LIMITERS/SAFETIES DISABLED — Test hoist/luff/slew limits, overload/LMI, emergency stop; never bypass.

 POOR COMMS — One controller; repeat-back; standard hand signals/radio; stop if comms lost.

 PEOPLE UNDER SUSPENDED LOAD — Prohibit; barricade drop/slew zone; spotter enforces.

 SIDE LOAD/SHOCK LOAD — Vertical pick; steady with taglines; smooth hoist/slew; no snatching.

 WIND ABOVE LIMIT — Know crane wind limit; anemometer watched; stop and secure if exceeded.

 SHIP MOTION/SURGE — Reduce speed; time lifts in lulls; abort if roll/surge unsafe.

 WRONG RADIUS/BOOM CONFIG — Set boom and radius per plan; confirm outreach/clearances.

 HATCH COVER INTERFERENCE — Clear deck; no one on coamings; lock covers before slewing; protect seals.

 CRANE OVER THE SIDE/QUAY CLEARANCE — Check quay/fenders/booms; maintain safe distance; slow slews.

 CONFLICT WITH SHORE CRANES — Joint briefing; freeze zones; VHF channel; one crane moves at a time.

 TWO-CRANE/TANDEM LIFT — Appoint single lift director; equalize loads/spreader; shared signals; slow coordinated moves.

 GRAB OPERATIONS (BULK) — Use rated grab only; avoid side pulling; keep within duty cycle; exclude people from hatch.

 MAGNET/CLAMP LIFTS — Use approved gear; clean contact surfaces; test hold; no people near suspended metal.

 HOOK/SAFETY LATCH MISSING — Only hooks with latches; check throat opening/deformation; replace if damaged.

 WRONG/ DAMAGED RIGGING — Inspect slings/shackles/eyebolts; certificates valid; remove cut/flattened/worn gear.

 SLING ANGLE <60° — Re-rig or use spreader; recalc leg loads; stay within WLL.

 SHARP EDGES CUT SLINGS — Fit edge protectors/softeners; inspect after lift.

 TAGLINES MISSING — Fit taglines to control swing; never wrap around hand/body.

 LOAD SNAGGING/FOULING — Clear route; lift clear before slewing; watch snag points/handrails.

 PINCH/CRUSH AT LANDING — Hands clear; one banksman gives set-down signals; slow final approach.

 POOR LIGHTING/NIGHT — Floodlight hook, tip and landing; headlamps for banksmen; stop if can’t see.

 RAIN/ICE ON DECK — Grit/de-ice; dry landing spot; anti-slip footwear; slower pace.

 HYDRAULIC LEAK/HIGH-PRESSURE INJECTION — Inspect hoses/cylinders; keep guards; stop on leak; treat injection as medical emergency.

 OIL TO SEA/POLLUTION — Drip trays/absorbents ready; scuppers plugged if required; report/clean per SOPEP.

 ELECTRICAL HAZARD (CABLES/RAILS) — Isolate shore power near path; keep clear of overhead lines; IP-rated lights only.

 CRANE BRAKES/PAWLS FAULTY — Pre-use brake test; no work if slipping/smoking; isolate and report.

 SLEW BEARING/FOUNDATION ISSUES — Check bolts/indicators; stop on abnormal noise/play; record in log.

 WIRE ROPE DEFECTS — Inspect for broken wires/kinks/birdcage/flattening/corrosion; discard to standard; lube per PMS.

 SHEAVES/FAIRLEADS SEIZED — Grease/inspect; no sharp grooves; change lead if rough.

 DRUM SPOOLING CROSS-WRAPS — Level wind; slow hoist; stop and re-spool if crossed.

 OVERSPEED/“FREE FALL” MISUSE — No free fall unless system designed and authorized; controlled hoist only.

 CAB/CONTROLS ERGONOMICS — Clean windows; seat belts; test horn/alarms; keep cab free of loose items.

 OPERATOR FATIGUE/INEXPERIENCE — Authorized, rested operator; reliefs scheduled; no training lifts during ops.

 UNAUTHORIZED RIDING THE HOOK — Strictly prohibited; man-riding only with certified equipment and permit.

 SIMOPS (BUNKER/HOT WORK/MOORING) — Separate in time/space; extra watch; permits aligned.

 FORKLIFTS/SHORE PLANT INTERFACE — Exclusion zone; one controller; engines neutral when hooking on/off.

 LOAD ABOVE OPEN HATCH WITH PERSONNEL — Clear hold; “no entry” while lifting; lock access doors.

 LIFTING GAS CYLINDERS/DRUMS — Use racks/cages/clamps; caps fitted; keep upright.

 LONG/FRAGILE LOADS — Use spreader/strongback; pick at marked points; taglines both ends.

 OVERSIDE LIFTS TO BOATS — Lifejackets; create lee; steady boat; no passing over people/boat cabin.

 FIRE NEAR HYDRAULICS — No hot work near crane; fire kit ready; stop crane on alarm.

 POWER LOSS DURING LIFT — Plan emergency lowering; communicate; secure load; keep people clear.

 EMERGENCY STOP NOT KNOWN — Brief E-stop location/action; test function before operations.

 STORM PARKING/SECURING — Stow boom per manual; lash/lock slewing; power isolated; pins in.

 POST-LIFT HOUSEKEEPING — Remove barriers; stow gear; tag damaged items; update lifting register.

 CERTIFICATION/EXAM OVERDUE — Annual thorough exam and 5-year proof load as required; keep certificates with gear.

 RIGGING DRAWINGS/ID MISSING — Label SWL on hooks/slings/spreaders; keep rigging plan posted at crane.

 NOISE/COMMUNICATION MASKED — Hearing protection + visual signals; slow movements; minimize engine revs near banksmen.

 HEAT/COLD ON OPERATOR — Climate control or breaks; hydration/warm gear; rotate in extremes.

 BLIND SPOTS — Use banksman on blind side; mirrors/CCTV; stop if view lost.

 CREW ON GANGWAY/AL — Freeze movement; “no access” signs; watchman posted.

 NEAR ACCOM/MASTS/ANTENNAS — Verify overhead clearance; lower jibs; stop if risk of contact.

 POST-JOB NOT CLOSED — Debrief; record defects/near misses; update plan for next port.

Heavy Weather Forecast

NO HEAVY-WEATHER PLAN — Review routing, safe speeds, shelter options, abort points; brief crew; post checklist.

 LATE RESPONSE TO FORECAST — Alter route/ETA early; request routing advice; avoid worst quadrant/seaway.

 LOAD LINE/SEASONAL ZONE IGNORED — Verify zone and freeboard; don’t enter restricted areas if margins small.

 UKC/CHANNEL LIMITS DURING STORMS — Recalculate dynamic UKC with swell/squat; delay transit or slow.

 CARGO SHIFT (BULK/LOGS/DECK) — Trim/level cargo; secure deck cargo; follow IMSBC/Grain Code; restrict ventilation if required.

 HATCH COVER LEAKAGE — Inspect gaskets/cleats/wedges/drains; dog tight; cover coaming drains; monitor bilges.

 WATERTIGHT/WEATHERTIGHT DOORS OPEN — Close and dog all; post “keep closed” notices; restrict outside movement.

 SLACK TANKS / SLOSHING — Press up or empty all tanks (ballast/fuel/fresh/voids); minimize free surface.

 POOR STABILITY/GM — Check stability with heavy-weather ballast; maintain prop immersion; avoid excessive high GM (violent roll).

 PARAMETRIC/SYNCHRONOUS ROLL — Monitor roll period; change course/speed or heading to quartering seas; avoid head/following resonance.

 BROACHING IN FOLLOWING SEAS — Keep adequate speed for steerage; avoid surfing; change heading early.

 BOW SLAMMING/WHIPPING — Reduce speed; increase draft by head; alter to oblique seas.

 PROPELLER EMERGENCE/LOSS OF STEERAGE — Increase draft aft; reduce speed; keep rpm within safe band; adjust heading.

 GREEN SEAS ON DECK — Clear deck; fit portable lifelines; close air/sounding pipes; protect vents.

 ANCHORS NOT SECURED — House both anchors fully; brake set; devil’s claw/guillotine on; spurling covers fitted.

 MOORING GEAR LOOSE — Stow and lash wires/tails; brake handles pinned; stoppers/rollers secured.

 DECK/CRANE/AL GEAR UNLASHED — Slew/luff/stow cranes; insert pins; lash gangway/AL; secure gratings/hatches.

 RESCUE/LSA NOT SECURED — Lash liferafts/lifebuoys; lifeboat gripes tight; plugs fitted; covers on.

 LOOSE ITEMS IN ACCOM/ER/GALLEY — Secure furniture, stores, gas bottles; lock drawers; non-slip mats; gimballed gear checked.

 ENGINE RELIABILITY NOT PREPPED — Engines on stand-by; both steering pumps running; strainers clean; spare suctions ready; extra lube/fuel checks.

 VENTILATION/INTAKES EXPOSED — Reconfigure HVAC; shut exposed intakes; fit screens; prevent spray ingress.

 BILGE/FLOODING NOT MONITORED — Test bilge alarms; check wells dry; frequent soundings of holds/DBs.

 WINDOWS/WIPERS/BRIDGE GLARE — Test wipers/demisters; rig storm covers if fitted; dim bridge lights.

 FREEING PORTS/SCUPPERS CHOKED — Clear before weather; keep run-off paths open; plug only when required by ops.

 WORK ON DECK CONTINUES — Stop non-essential deck work; restrict forecastle access; PFD + lifelines when must go.

 CREW FALLS/MOB — “One-hand for ship”; lifelines; PFDs; no working alone; heaving line and MOB gear ready.

 FATIGUE/SEASICKNESS — Adjust watches; shorter stints; hydration/food/meds; extra lookout if needed.

 NAV SETUP WRONG — ECDIS safety settings/PI lines reviewed; heavy-weather tracks plotted; wheel-over points adjusted.

 POOR BRM — State heavy-weather limits and call-Master triggers; closed-loop comms; continuous monitoring.

 SPEED TOO HIGH — Reduce early; keep controllability; avoid pounding and slamming.

 COURSE HELD INTO DANGER — Use weather helm; steer to best ride (quartering if safe); avoid beam seas if rolling.

 FOLLOWING/QUARTERING SWELL NEAR LAND — Keep sea room; don’t commit to lee shore; pre-plan safe turn-around.

 CONFINED WATERS IN GALE — Delay entry; request tugs; consider anchoring at sea/shelter instead.

 HOLD VENT/DEW-POINT MISMANAGED — Apply dew-point rule; avoid sweat for hygroscopic cargo; document decisions.

 REEFER/CRITICAL CARGO POWER — Check lashings/cables; verify alarms; spare lashings and pads ready.

 BOAT/LAUNCH OPS CONTINUE — Suspend; if essential, create lee, PFD/helmets, minimum crew, strict go/no-go.

 SIMOPS (CARGO/BUNKER/HOT WORK) — Avoid during heavy weather; if unavoidable, extra controls and authority approval.

 STRUCTURAL OVERLOAD (HULL/CRANES) — Stay within loading envelope; slow down; log heavy slams/abnormal noises; inspect after.

 BRIDGE DOORS/EXITS JAM WITH GREEN SEA — Use leeward door; rig safety ropes; brief escape routes.

 ICE ACCRETION (COLD GALES) — Monitor icing; reduce speed; alter course; de-ice; record GM impact.

 POLLUTION FROM WASHED DECKS — Secure drums/chemicals; SOPEP gear staged; scuppers managed per rules.

 DOCUMENTATION GAP — Start heavy-weather log: position, Hs/Tp/wind, course/speed changes, damages, checks done.

 POST-STORM NO INSPECTION — Daylight inspection: forepeak/fo’c’sle/hatches/vents/gear; report and repair before resuming normal ops.

Recovery Of Person From The Water

NO MOB PLAN/DRILLS — Clear MOB procedure; assign roles (OOW pointer/helm, Master con, recovery team); frequent drills.

 DELAYED ALARM/MARK — Shout “MOB port/starboard”; press MOB on GPS/ECDIS; sound alarm; hoist/lights as applicable.

 NO BUOY/SMOKE/LIGHT DEPLOYED — Immediately throw lifebuoy with light/smoke and extra buoy/line; keep visual contact.

 LOSS OF VISUAL — Post dedicated pointer; use binoculars/searchlight/thermal if fitted; never leave casualty unobserved.

 WRONG TURN/MANOEUVRE — Use Anderson/Williamson/Scharnow per situation; maintain safe speed and sea room.

 EXCESSIVE SPEED NEAR CASUALTY — Slow to bare steerage well before recovery; avoid wash and overshoot.

 PROPELLER/THRUSTER INJURY — Stop engines/thrusters when alongside casualty; never go astern over them; warn deck before any movement.

 APPROACH FROM WINDWARD (NO LEE) — Create lee; approach with casualty on leeward side; drift onto them under control.

 CURRENT/SET MISJUDGED — Plot MOB waypoint; estimate leeway; adjust approach; be ready for search pattern.

 TRAFFIC COLLISION RISK — Make “MAYDAY/PAN-PAN MOB” as appropriate; display shapes/lights; inform VTS; guard zone on radar/AIS.

 NIGHT/POOR VISIBILITY — Searchlights on; lifebuoy lights; extra lookouts; slow speed; use sound signals.

 HIGH FREEBOARD/NO RECOVERY GEAR — Rig scramble net/Jason’s cradle/side door/davit; designate recovery point; rig heaving lines.

 DECK TEAM NOT READY — Muster recovery team with PFD/helmets/gloves; lifelines; tools/knives ready; first-aid/O₂ staged.

 CREW ENTERS WATER UNCONTROLLED — Prohibit; only trained rescue swimmer with tether and supervisor, if absolutely necessary.

 RESCUE BOAT LAUNCH UNSAFE — Create lee; test engine/kill-cord; PPE; clear prop area; strict comms with bridge.

 CASUALTY ENTANGLED (LINES/NETS) — Approach gently; cut with safety knife; avoid pulling tight around body.

 CASUALTY UNDER BOW/SIDE — Stop engines; use boathook/tagline to keep clear; reposition to maintain sight and lee.

 UNCONSCIOUS/INJURED CASUALTY — Use cradle/sling for horizontal recovery; avoid vertical lift; spine precautions.

 COLD SHOCK/HYPOTHERMIA — Minimize time in water; dry and wrap; remove wet clothes; active re-warm as per protocol; monitor core temp.

 ASPIRATION/DROWNING — Recovery to flat deck; airway, breathing, circulation; O₂; CPR/AED per training.

 LADDER RECOVERY INJURIES — Use nets/cradles not plain ladder when weak/injured; two-person assist; heave steady.

 HEAVING LINE MISUSE (AROUND NECK) — Throw to hand/underarm; use rescue sling; brief line-handlers.

 CRUSH/SQUEEZE AGAINST SHIP — Fenders/boathooks ready; keep vessel just making way; no side thrusters.

 GEAR NOT WORKING (LIGHTS/SMOKE) — Pre-check LSA; renew batteries/cylinders; keep gear at ready stations.

 POOR COMMS BRIDGE–DECK–BOAT — One channel; repeat-back; clear “STOP/GO” words; silence non-essential traffic.

 SIMOPS CONTINUE (CARGO/BUNKERS) — Stop all other ops; clear decks; warn terminal/tugs; establish exclusion zones.

 FREEFALL/RESCUE GEAR NOT CONFIGURED — Pre-rig cradle/net/davit; test winch; clear path from water to treatment area.

 MEDICAL HANDOVER NOT PREPARED — First-aid/O₂ kit, blankets, stretcher ready; assign medic; prepare to inform MRCC/telemed.

 SEARCH PATTERN NOT INITIATED — If lost sight: start expanding square/sector per guidance; datum set; notify MRCC and nearby ships.

 WEATHER/SEA STATE EXCESSIVE — Heave-to/seek lee; use rescue boat only if within limits; consider alternative recovery side.

 FALL BACK INTO WATER DURING RECOVERY — Safety lines on deck team; guard rails/net; slow steady heave; continuous communication.

 POST-RECOVERY CARE MISSED — Hypothermia protocol; monitor vitals; oxygen; record times/events; arrange medevac if needed.

 NO EVIDENCE/RECORDS — Log times/positions/actions; save VDR mark; preserve gear for investigation; debrief and update procedure.

Washing Of Cargo Hold / Tanks

NO PLAN/PERMIT — Written wash plan; toolbox talk; enclosed-space/WAH permits as required; abort criteria.

ENCLOSED SPACE HAZARD — Gas test (O₂/LEL/TOX); continuous ventilation; attendant; comms; rescue kit ready.

WORKING AT HEIGHT INSIDE HOLD — Harness + lifeline; certified scaffold/man-cage per permit; tool/hoseline tethers; exclusion below.

SLIPS/TRIPS ON WET/SLIMY DECK — Non-slip footwear; squeegee/clear as you go; lighting on ladders/flats.

HIGH-PRESSURE JET INJURY — Two-hand grip; dead-man trigger; stand to side; medical attention for any puncture.

CHEMICAL CLEANERS/DEGREASERS — SDS brief; correct gloves/goggles/respirator; correct dilution; eyewash ready.

SPRAYBACK TO FACE/EYES — Full face shield + goggles; adjust nozzle angle; wind/leeward positioning.

FALLING SCALE/RUST/WOOD — Hard hat + visor; knock-down from safe position; cordon below.

HATCH COAMING/BEAM CONTACT — Mark protrusions; keep standoff; banksman guidance.

POOR VENTILATION/FUMES — Forced ventilation; test top/mid/bottom; pause on odor/irritation.

NIGHT/POOR LIGHTING — Portable 24 V or EX lights; illuminate ladders/corners; stop if you can’t see.

ELECTRICAL SHOCK (WET WORK) — RCD/GFCI; 24/110 V CTE where possible; keep connections dry/raised.

PUMP/HOSE FAILURE/WHIP — Inspect hoses; whip-checks; pressure up slowly; stand clear of couplings.

BILGE/EDUCTOR BACKFLOW — Verify non-returns; monitor levels; do not run eductor unattended.

WASHINGS TO SEA ILLEGALLY — Classify cargo (HME/non-HME); follow MARPOL V; use reception facility if required; record.

SCUPPERS/OVERBOARDS OPEN — Plug scuppers; drip trays; contain and collect residues.

CARGO RESIDUE REACTIVITY (e.g., DRI, quicklime) — Check IMSBC; no water if prohibited; use alternative dry methods.

H₂S/CO FROM CERTAIN CARGOES (e.g., sulphur/wood pellets) — Gas monitor; ventilate; stop on alarm; respirator/SCBA as needed.

COLD/HOT WATER BURNS — Check temperature; insulated gloves; avoid directing steam on skin/metal close.

MANUAL HANDLING OF HOSEREELS — Team lift; use rollers; avoid twisting; keep path clear.

ACCESS LADDERS/LANDINGS DAMAGED — Inspect before entry; tag out if defective; use alternate access.

WORK DURING SHIP MOTION — Suspend in swell/roll; secure hoses; barricade edges; postpone if unsafe.

COAMING AS WALKWAY — Prohibit; use designated walkways; lifelines if exposure cannot be eliminated.

SIMOPS WITH CARGO/CRANES — Separate in time/space; radio coordination; exclusion zones.

POST-WASH SLIPPERY FILM — Final detergent rinse; squeegee dry; signs until dry.

POST-JOB VENTILATION/DRYING — Vent to “grain clean” dryness; dew-point rule to avoid sweat; record condition with photos.

NO PERMIT/LOTO — Tank entry/wash permit; isolate pumps/valves; lockout electrical/mechanical; tag controls.

CONFINED/TOXIC ATMOSPHERE — Test O₂/LEL/TOX; continuous ventilation; periodic retest; attendant + comms.

STATIC/IGNITION (FUEL/LO) — EX-rated lights/fans; bond/earth; no synthetic rags; control wash water temp; gas-free certificate before hot work.

REACTIVE CARGO/FUEL RESIDUES — Check SDS/compatibility; approved cleaners only; avoid chlorinated + acid mixes.

HIGH-PRESSURE ROTARY MACHINES — Secure machines; check seals; keep clear of jet; pressure test lines.

OVERFILL/DROWNING RISK — Control water in/out; level watch; alarms functional; never wash with man inside unless strictly controlled.

FALLS FROM OPEN MANHOLES — Barricade/cover openings; harness when working near edges; good lighting.

SCALE FALLING FROM TOPS — Overhead protection; clear area before entering; knock-down remotely.

HOT WATER/STEAM BURNS — Temperature limit; insulated hoses; face shield/gloves; vent before opening flanges.

CHEMICAL EXPOSURE (DESCALERS/DEGREASERS) — SDS PPE; measured dosing; neutralizers/eyewash at site.

EDUCTOR/INERT GAS INTERFACE — Verify correct connections; monitor vacuum/pressure; avoid drawing gas into spaces.

VENT/BRATHOLE BLOCKED — Confirm clear breathers; monitor tank pressure/vacuum; slow rate changes.

PUMP CAVITATION/SEAL LEAK — Prime; open vents; stop on abnormal noise/heat; drip trays ready.

OILY WASHINGS DISPOSAL — To slop/OWS/reception only; no overboard; record in ORB.

HYDROCARBON VAPOR RETURN — Keep vents routed as designed; check for blowback; gas test nearby spaces.

SLIPS ON OILY SURFACES — Absorbents under flanges; anti-slip footwear; frequent cleanup.

PORT RULES IGNORED — Follow terminal/port permits; no washing alongside if prohibited; notify before gas-free/venting.

RESPIRATORY STRESS IN SUITS — Limit duration; cool rest area; rotate crew; monitor for heat stress.

EMERGENCY/RESCUE NOT READY — Tripod/winch or retrieval point; SCBA ready; stretcher/O₂ staged; drill signals.

POST-JOB NOT CLOSED — Remove LOTO; reinstate valves; close/label manholes; dispose waste; update logs/photos.

Shifting Of Ship By Mooring Lines

NO PERMIT/PORT CLEARANCE — Obtain terminal/VTS permission; suspend conflicting ops; notify adjacent berths.

NO PLAN/BRIEF — Define distance, sequence (heave/veer), engines/thrusters use, roles, abort criteria; toolbox talk.

POOR COMMS — One controller; UHF checked; repeat-back; clear “STOP” word; pause if comms lost.

INSUFFICIENT LINES AT ANY TIME — Maintain minimum safe pattern; never let go both heads/springs together; step changes only.

OVERLOADING/SHOCK LOADS — Heave/veer slowly; avoid snatching; use engines to relieve; monitor brake temperature.

MIXED MOORINGS IN SAME DIRECTION — Avoid mixed elasticity; standardize line type/tail.

SNAP-BACK/LINE OF FIRE — Mark/enforce snap-back zones; no one in bights; minimum crew on deck.

HAND/FOOT IN COILS/BIGHTS — Hands clear; use bars/taglines; brief “hands off the bite.”

HOLDING ON WINCH MOTOR — Hold by brake/stoppers only; motor not used to hold static load.

BRAKES NOT SET/TESTED — Test at short stay; set correctly; lock/mark settings.

SEIZED FAIRLEADS/ROLLERS — Inspect/grease; don’t use seized leads; change lead or fit chafe gear.

SHARP EDGES/CHAFE — Fit chafe guards/rollers; realign leads; frequent checks.

CROSS-WRAPS/BAD SPOOLING — Level-wind; stop and re-spool if crossed; slow heave.

BOLLARD/HOOK SWL EXCEEDED — Verify SWL > expected load; one line per hook if required; split loads.

QRH RELEASE WITHOUT WARNING — Coordinate with shore; keep clear; confirm latched/reset before loading again.

GANGWAY/ACCOM LADDER HAZARD — Lift/secure gangway; rig safety net/“no access”; post watchman.

SHORE POWER/HOSES/CARGO ARMS CONNECTED — Disconnect/isolate per permit; ESD tested; clear of path before shift.

FENDERS NOT REPOSITIONED — Move/add fenders along the travel path; keep hull off protrusions.

TIDE/WIND/CURRENT NOT ACCOUNTED — Assess forces; add lines/springs; engines ready; postpone if unsafe.

PASSING TRAFFIC/WASH — Coordinate with VTS; hold position during heavy wash; extra lines if needed.

PROPELLER/THRUSTER USE NEAR QUAY — Agree use beforehand; minimum power; warn shore/crew; stop if anyone near waterline.

ANCHORS NOT SECURED — House fully; brakes set; claws/guillotine on; spurling covers fitted.

MOORING BOAT INTERFACE — Comms with coxswain; PFDs; keep clear of bow flare/prop; agree line passes.

HEAVING LINE INJURY — No weighted ends; shout “HEADS”; throw clear of people.

POOR LIGHTING/NIGHT OPS — Floodlight leads/bitts; headlamps; stop if visibility inadequate.

SLIP/TRIP ON WET/OILY DECK — Keep deck dry/tidy; stow coils; non-slip footwear.

ADJACENT VESSEL LINES CROSSING — Coordinate sequence; avoid crossing/binding; stop if conflict.

SHORE CRANES/BOOMS/CONVEYORS — Freeze movements; obtain “all clear”; maintain safe clearance.

SHIP’S CRANES/AL INTERFERENCE — Stow/lash; lock pins; exclude access near slew path.

STOPPERS MISUSED — Correct type/placement; take weight on stopper before easing brake; remove safely.

ACUTE LEAD ANGLES/FAIRLEAD SIDE LOAD — Replan leads; use additional bollards; avoid side loading fittings.

LINE IN WATER/PROP RISK — Keep lines short/afloat; recover immediately; warn bridge.

WRONG HEAVE/VEER ORDER — Controller announces every move; repeat-back; one winch at a time if needed.

ENGINE ROOM NOT READY — ER standby; CPP mode agreed; bridge–ER comms continuous.

COMMAND UNCLEAR — Master has con; pilot if required; only one person issues deck orders.

LOSS OF CONTROL/EXCESS LOAD — Abort early; add tugs or wait for better conditions.

DAMAGE TO QUAY/STRUCTURES — Slow, deliberate moves; monitor contact; stop on abnormal noises.

STRUCTURAL OVERLOAD AT CHOCK/FAIRLEAD — Keep leads aligned; reduce angles; inspect for movement/cracks.

PFD/PPE MISSING — Helmets, gloves, safety shoes; PFD for overside risk; radios on lanyards.

LINES TWISTED/LOCKED ON BOLLARD — Re-bight neatly; avoid multiple opposing turns; keep tails clear.

AUTO-TENSION LEFT ON — Switch off auto-tension; use brakes/stoppers; manual control only.

HOT/SMOKING BRAKES — Rest/cool; assist with engines; reassess loads.

DOCUMENTATION/LOGS MISSED — Record start/stop, distance moved, line changes, abnormalities; update mooring plan.

POST-JOB NOT SECURED — Final check of leads, brakes, stoppers; reposition fenders/gangway; set mooring watch.

Risk Of Pirates Attack

NO PIRACY RISK ASSESSMENT — Do voyage-specific RA using BMP5/port intel; brief crew; set go/no-go and abort points.

NO INTEL/REPORTING — Register/report with UKMTO/MSCHOA (IOR/GoA), MDAT-GoG (W. Africa), ReCAAP (SE Asia); daily position reports.

ROUTE THROUGH HRA UNOPTIMIZED — Use recommended corridors/IRTC/group transits; daylight transits at choke points; maximize sea room.

AIS BROADCASTING FULL DATA — In HRA show only safety info per flag/charterer guidance; avoid broadcasting sensitive voyage details.

SLOW/UNRELIABLE PROPULSION — Max sustainable speed in HRA; engines on stand-by; preventive maintenance completed; clean hull.

LOW FREEBOARD/EASY BOARDING — Fit continuous razor wire/physical barriers at rail/sponsons; cover fairleads; remove pilot ladders overside.

UNSECURED ACCESS/DOORS — Lock and dog all external doors/hatches; secure stores/side doors; limit access routes; key control.

NO “HARDENING” KIT — Rig water spray/foam monitors as curtain; fit welded/bolted standoff brackets; protect vulnerable points.

POOR BRIDGE TEAM SETUP — Enhanced BRM; extra lookouts day/night; clear roles; closed-loop comms; Master on bridge in threat area.

WATCH CAN’T DETECT SKIFFS — Radar small-target/short-pulse + guard rings; binoculars/NV/thermal if available; CCTV covering quarters/stern.

DEAD BRIDGE ALARMS/LOGGING — Test SSAS/VDR/alarms before entry; keep incident log template ready.

DELAYED DISTRESS/ALERT — On approach call UKMTO/VHF 16, issue PAN-PAN/MAYDAY as appropriate; activate SSAS if boarding imminent.

NO CITIZEN BAND/DURESS WORDS — Establish codewords (“BRACE/CITADEL”) and duress phrases; drill crew to react instantly.

NO CITADEL PREPARED — Designated citadel with water/food/first-aid, independent comms (satphone/UHF), CCTV monitor, ventilation shutdown; muster list posted.

CITADEL CANNOT COMMUNICATE — Test independent comms routinely; spare batteries; numbers for CSO/UKMTO/Naval forces posted.

CREW NOT DRILLED — Run piracy/citadel drills; timing targets; practice lockdown and bridge–engine coordination.

CREW ON OPEN DECK UNNECESSARILY — Suspend non-essential deck work in HRA; minimize exposure; buddy system if essential.

NIGHT DECK DARK OR GLARING — Illuminate perimeters/approaches; avoid blinding bridge; blackout inside accommodation.

CASH/VALUABLES POORLY SECURED — Reduce cash carried; secure safe; strict access list.

SOCIAL MEDIA/OPSEC LEAKS — Ban geotagging; delay posts; no voyage/cargo details online.

NO TAGLINES/WATER SPRAY READY — Rig fire main charged; hoses/monitors manned or remote; jet to deter ladders at last resort.

SKIFF APPROACH MISJUDGED — Alter early to create stern quarter wake, maintain speed, open CPA; avoid steady course that aids boarding.

FISHING FLEET MISIDENTIFICATION — Use indicators (multiple skiffs, ladders, extra fuel drums); hail on VHF; increase readiness without provoking.

ANCHORING/DRIFT IN HRA — Avoid; if unavoidable: enhance watch, engines ready, short stay, security lighting, no shore boat access.

BOARDING LADDERS/ROPES LEFT ON DECK — Lock away all ladders/loose lines; remove grapnel points.

SMALL BOATS ALLOWED ALONGSIDE — Enforce 500–1000 m security zone; no boat alongside without authorization; use LRAD/whistle/signals.

NO ARMED GUARDS POLICY — If using PCASP: vetted PMSC, RUF agreed, weapons permits/port clearances set; clear arcs and safe positions.

GUARD/CREW FRATRICIDE RISK — Positive ID and arcs briefed; do not fire near flammables; bridge retains overall control.

EXPLOSIVE/INCENDIARY RISK NEAR CARGO — Keep ignition sources away; secure gas/paint lockers; no pyros except as authorized signals.

CHAIN LOCKER/FORECASTLE UNSECURE — Secure chain locker hatch/manholes; routine checks for intruders before HRA.

PILOT DOOR/SEA CHEST AREAS EXPOSED — Plate/mesh vulnerable cut-through spots; add lighting/cameras.

ENGINE ROOM NOT READY — ER manned or immediate stand-by; remote shutdowns/vent closures known; watertight doors managed.

COMM LOSS WITH NAVAL FORCES — Maintain dual comms (VHF + satphone); guard 16/8; keep contact lists printed.

TRAFFIC CLOSE CPA — Broadcast intentions early; keep large CPA in HRA; avoid being boxed in near lanes/platforms.

WEATHER/SEA STATE FAVOURS SKIFFS — Extra vigilance in calm seas < Sea State 3; adjust route to rougher water when safe.

CREW CAPTURE DURING BOARDING — On “Boarded” signal: citadel if safe per plan; no heroics; account for all; maintain silent comms with authorities.

NO EVIDENCE PRESERVATION — Photograph from safe spots; preserve CCTV/VDR; save logs/calls; do not disturb potential evidence.

PORT STATE RESTRICTIONS IGNORED — Comply with local bans on wire/guards/weapons; de-rig/declare as required; avoid fines/delays.

SECURITY LEVEL NOT RAISED — Increase to ISPS Level 2/3 per CSO; gangway control; visitor log; security patrols.

DRONES/UAV SIGHTED — Report; increase posture; move under cover if possible; lights on at night to spot operators.

FALSE DISTRESS/DECOY — Verify via VHF and with UKMTO; keep distance; do not stop in HRA unless directed by authorities.

FIRE MAIN/FOAM NOT FUNCTIONAL — Pre-check pumps/monitors; spare nozzles; diesel emergency pump tested.

LADDER/RAZOR WIRE INJURY TO CREW — Cut-resistant gloves; safe fitting procedures; secure loose ends.

POST-TRANSIT COMPLACENCY — Keep posture until fully clear of HRA; debrief; record lessons; restore normal config methodically.

NO POSTURE LOG/COMPLIANCE — Maintain piracy checklist, intel emails, daily reports, photos of hardening for audit/PSC/insurers.

MEDICAL NOT READY — Trauma kit/bleed control; stretcher; medevac contacts; crew brief on first response.

FUEL/ENDURANCE TOO TIGHT — Extra bunkers for high-speed transits and routing detours; avoid slow steaming in HRA.

SECURITY SCREENS/CCTV BLIND SPOTS — Verify coverage of stern quarters and poop deck; fix lights/cameras before entry.

CREW IDENTIFICATION AT NIGHT — High-viz/IR markers for friend/foe ID; agreed challenge/response on radios.

LANGUAGE/ACCENT BARRIERS — Use standard phrases; repeat-back on security nets; designate one radio operator.

Work In Noise

NO NOISE ASSESSMENT — Survey dB levels (continuous/impulse); map noisy zones; update annually and after changes.

UNKNOWN LIMITS — Adopt company/flag/port exposure limits (TWA + peak); post limits on the bridge/ER/tool stores.

NOISE ZONES UNSIGNED — Mark “HEARING PROTECTION REQUIRED” at ER, workshops, compressors, chipping areas.

CHRONIC NIHL (HEARING LOSS) — Engineer first (enclosures/lagging/silencers), then admin (time limits/rotation), then PPE.

IMPULSE NOISE (HAMMERING/IMPACT) — Buffer/soft-face hammers; barriers; distance; double hearing protection.

HIGH dB IN ENGINE ROOM — Maintain lagging; close doors; repair leaks; balance/align rotors; fit exhaust silencers.

COMPRESSOR/AIR LEAK WHISTLE — Fix leaks; fit mufflers; use enclosure; minimize vent-to-atmosphere.

PNEUMATIC TOOL EXHAUST NOISE — Fit muffled exhausts; maintain tools; use barriers; limit duration.

GRINDING/CHIPPING NOISE — Use low-noise discs/needle scalers; shrouds; position screens; rotate crew.

DECK MACHINERY (WINDLASS/WINCHES) — Grease/maintain; operate at steady speed; keep covers in place; wear HPD.

PROP CAVITATION/VESSEL VIBRATION — Adjust load/speed; maintain prop/hull; monitor bearing condition.

ALARM/PA SYSTEM NOT HEARD — Provide visual strobes/vibrating pagers; test audibility; reduce background noise where possible.

MISHEARD ORDERS IN NOISE — Use headsets with boom mics or throat mics; closed-loop comms; hand signals briefed.

REMOVING HPD TO COMMUNICATE — Prohibit; issue comms headsets; move to quiet zone for briefings.

WRONG HPD SELECTED — Choose plugs/muffs by SNR/NRR & octave band; avoid over-/under-protection; consult chart.

NO FIT/SEAL CHECK — Train insertion (foam roll–pull–hold; flange twist-in); muff seal check; use fit-testing if available.

HPD INTERFERENCE (GLASSES/BEARDS) — Use low-profile frames or gel cushions; prefer plugs if muff seal broken.

DOUBLE PROTECTION NEEDED — Use plugs + muffs for very high/impulse noise; verify combined attenuation.

HOT CLIMATE + MUFFS (HEAT STRESS) — Prefer plugs; schedule breaks; cool rest areas; hydrate.

COLD CLIMATE + PLUGS (HARD INSERTION) — Pre-warm plugs; use push-in types; keep dry hands.

DIRTY PLUGS → EAR INFECTION — Use clean hands; issue individually bagged plugs; replace often; no sharing.

SHARED EARMUFF HYGIENE — Wipe cushions; replace torn seals; personal issue if possible.

OTOTOXIC CHEMICALS (SOLVENTS/CO/HC) — Limit exposure; ventilate; combine controls since they worsen hearing damage.

MEDICATION/ILLNESS EFFECTS — Check fitness; avoid ototoxic meds where possible; report dizziness/tinnitus.

FATIGUE FROM NOISE — Limit duration; quiet breaks; rotate tasks; monitor work/rest.

WORK NEAR NAV WATCH — Coordinate; avoid noisy work during critical nav; inform bridge; post warnings.

ENCLOSED SPACE NOISE AMPLIFICATION — Treat as enclosed space; hearing + comms plan; limit time; ventilation on.

CONFINED TOOL USE (TANK/HOLD) — Remote tooling where possible; soft mounts; shorter bouts; spotter outside.

PORT COMPLAINTS/NEIGHBORS — Monitor deck noise at night; schedule noisy work daytime; use barriers.

OPEN HATCH/REFLECTIONS — Use sound curtains; close where safe; change work position to reduce reflections.

DOORS/SCUTTLES LEFT OPEN — Keep machinery space doors shut; self-closers maintained; use viewports.

POOR MAINTENANCE (NOISY BEARINGS) — Lube/align; replace worn bearings; vibration trending.

UNBALANCED FANS — Balance blades; change worn belts; fit anti-vibration mounts.

RATTLING GRATES/PLATES — Secure/pack; remove loose items; rubber pads.

HAND-HELD TOOL VIBRATION (HAVS) — Select low-vibe tools; anti-vibration gloves; exposure tracking; rotate.

MUFFS UNDER HARD HAT MIS-FIT — Use helmet-mounted muffs compatible with shell; check clamp force.

EAR CANAL SIZE MISMATCH — Stock multiple plug sizes/types; custom molds if needed.

WET/CONTAMINATED PLUGS — Replace; keep spares dry; issue cases.

NO TRAINING/AWARENESS — Annual hearing conservation brief; posters on correct insertion; toolbox refreshers.

NO BASELINE/PERIODIC AUDIOMETRY — Baseline on sign-on; periodic tests; follow-up on shifts; adjust controls.

NO EXPOSURE RECORDS — Keep noise maps, dosimetry, training and test records; review at safety meetings.

SIMOPS WITH RADIO-CRITICAL TASKS — Separate in time/space; assign runner/visual signals; reduce machine speed.

CHIPPING NEAR PILOT LADDER/GANGWAY — Suspend noise during transfer; coordinate with pilot/shore.

EMERGENCY CALLS MISSED — Assign one person off-noise with radio; strobe/PA repeaters; test paging.

WORK AT HEIGHT WITH NOISE — Use headsets with chin strap; tether tools; maintain comms.

EAR PRESSURE/PAIN — Stop; medical check; avoid plugs if ear infection—use muffs until cleared.

TINNITUS AFTER SHIFT — Report; medical evaluation; review exposure and improve controls.

OVERESTIMATING NRR — Apply derating per guidance; verify with fit tests; choose higher class if uncertain.

NEW EQUIPMENT WITHOUT SPEC — Request noise data from vendor; include dB limit in purchase spec.

NO QUIET ROOM/RECOVERY — Provide quiet space for breaks; limit music volume in accommodation.

MUSIC/EARBUDS ON DECK — Prohibit during work; masks alarms/communications.

NIGHT WATCH SLEEP DISRUPTION — Schedule noisy work daytime; isolate accommodation; maintain door seals.

ALARMS TOO LOUD AT EAR — Set to audible but not harmful; distance from crew; use visual repeats.

HEADSET CABLE SNAG — Route/clip cables; use wireless where safe; keep spares.

PPE INCOMPATIBILITY (RESPIRATORS + MUFFS) — Check seal; choose plugs when respirator worn; fit test combo.

NO EMERGENCY PLAN FOR ACUTE EXPOSURE — Stop work; move to quiet area; medical check; incident report; review controls.

POST-JOB HOUSEKEEPING — Stow tools; close enclosures; repair damaged lagging; update noise log.

Lack Of Rest

NO FATIGUE PLAN — Include fatigue risk management in SMS; define max hours/rosters; escalation and abort criteria.

MLC REST LIMITS IGNORED — Enforce ≥10 h rest/24 h and ≥77 h/7 d; plan work to comply; record honestly; correct non-compliance.

FALSE RECORDS (FUDGING) — Prohibit; report conflicts early; adjust schedule/manning; Master protects crew from retaliation.

LONG PORT STAYS/CONTINUOUS CARGO — Split teams; rotate duties; mandatory nap windows; stop work when limits hit.

6-ON/6-OFF CYCLE STRAIN — Use catnaps (20–30 min) between watches; no extra tasks in rest window; rotate where possible.

NIGHT WATCH DRIFTING/DROWSY OOW — Hand steering or chair-off; BNWAS active; second lookout posted; caffeine + brief movement.

MICROSLEEPS ON BRIDGE — Stand up, hydrate, cold air; call Master early; swap out with rested relief.

BNWAS OFF/BYPASSED — Keep BNWAS ON; test at start of watch; alarms routed to backup locations.

SOLO WATCH AT NIGHT — Avoid; if unavoidable: frequent check-ins; Master call criteria; extra lookout during traffic/fog.

ER WATCH FATIGUE — Buddy system; short rotations in hot spaces; sit/hydrate breaks; limit noisy tasks at night.

BACK-TO-BACK CALL-OUTS (MOORING/PILOT/CARGO) — Stagger crews; allow recovery time; delay non-critical work until rested.

TIME PRESSURE / TIGHT ETA — Re-negotiate schedule; slow steam; prioritize safety over on-time arrival.

JET LAG/TIME ZONE SHIFTS — Gradual shift of watch times; daylight exposure AM; avoid heavy tasks first 24–48 h.

EARLY MORNING STARTS (“WINDOW OF CIRCADIAN LOW”) — Double manning; extra checks; caffeine then nap after task.

ALARM FLOOD / DISTURBED SLEEP — Fix nuisance alarms; quiet hours; redirect non-critical alarms away from cabins.

NO QUIET CABINS — Enforce quiet hours; post signs; restrict door slams/music; schedule noisy maintenance daytime.

HOT/COLD CABIN — Maintain HVAC; fans/blankets available; fix defects quickly.

BRIGHT LIGHT/BLUE LIGHT BEFORE SLEEP — Dim screens 1–2 h before bed; blue-light filters; blackout curtains/eye mask.

NOISE NEAR CABINS (DECK WORK/GRABS) — Plan heavy work away from rest periods; use silencers/barriers.

POOR MATTRESS/BEDDING — Replace worn mattresses; provide clean linens; personal pillow allowed.

CAFFEINE TOO LATE — Last caffeine ≥6 h before sleep period; use targeted doses at start of watch only.

ENERGY DRINK OVERUSE — Limit; prefer water/tea/coffee; monitor palpitations/anxiety; educate crew.

DEHYDRATION — Water readily available; urine color chart in heads; encourage steady intake.

ALCOHOL / HANGOVER — Zero alcohol when on duty/within rest window; strict enforcement; educate on impairment.

SEDATING MEDICATIONS — Doctor approval; adjust duty; no watchkeeping while impaired; disclose to Master.

ILLNESS/PAIN PREVENTING SLEEP — Seek medical advice; adjust roster temporarily; allow recovery time.

EXCESS OVERTIME — Cap OT; rotate tasks; Master may suspend non-critical jobs to restore rest.

DRILLS IN REST WINDOW — Schedule drills to protect minimum rest; document any deviations and give compensatory rest.

PAPERWORK BURDEN ON OOW — Move admin to daytime; second person on bridge in traffic; use checklists to speed tasks.

POOR DIET / HEAVY MEALS BEFORE SLEEP — Light snack; avoid greasy/spicy foods near bedtime.

NO NAP CULTURE — Allow controlled 20–30 min tactical naps (with cover) for watchkeepers; log use.

WATCH RELIEF LATE/UNCLEAR — On-time relief; formal handover checklist; no overtime creep.

BRIDGE CHAIR “SLEEP TRAP” — Stand regularly; seat alarms or timer reminders; vary posture.

MONOTONY (OPEN SEA, CALM) — Micro-tasks: plotting fixes, PI checks, log updates; brief stretches; music prohibited if masking alarms.

HIGH WORKLOAD (HEAVY TRAFFIC/PORT APPROACH) — Add people to bridge; shorten individual task duration; pre-brief.

NIGHT GANGWAY/SECURITY WATCHES — Rotate; warm drinks; periodic supervisor checks; relief on schedule.

SMOKING/NICTINE NEAR SLEEP — Avoid smoking within 1–2 h of bedtime; nicotine patches under medical advice only.

INSUFFICIENT CREWING — Report to company; request riders/relief; reduce work scope until safe.

MULTIPLE ROLES ON SMALL CREW — Separate critical tasks; avoid same person for mooring + cargo + night watch.

EXTREME WEATHER SLEEP LOSS — Establish storm routine; split bridge/ER teams; allow recovery after event.

TEMPTATION TO “PUSH THROUGH” — Encourage speak-up; stop and rest when unsafe; Master’s authority to pause ops.

NO FATIGUE TRAINING — Annual awareness; early signs checklist (yawns, lapses, irritability); peer checks allowed.

FALLS/INJURIES FROM FATIGUE — Slow pace; extra spotters; ban WAH/hot work when crew obviously fatigued.

DRIVING/BOAT TRANSFERS WHEN TIRED — Delay transfers; second coxswain; PFDs; daylight where possible.

NIGHT ECDIS GLOW/POOR NIGHT MODE — Use proper dimming/night palettes; red light discipline; avoid white screens.

COMPLACENCY AFTER LONG PASSAGE — Debrief fatigue risk before pilotage/port; quick power nap if time allows.

INADEQUATE HANDOVER NOTES — Write clear night orders; highlight call-Master triggers; log fatigue risks.

NO POST-EVENT RECOVERY — After intense ops, schedule compensatory rest; reduce non-essential tasks next 24 h.

LACK OF MONITORING — Track work/rest with software or logs; review weekly; trend and correct.

NO REPORTING PATH — Anonymous fatigue reports allowed; Master/CSO review; actions documented.

Navigation In Narrow Waters

NO PASSAGE PLAN — Full plan for narrow leg: track, WOPs, no-go areas, PI lines, UKC, speeds, abort points.

ECDIS WRONG SCALE/SETTINGS — Use largest scale ENCs; set safety depth/contour, look-ahead, XTD; verify CATZOC.

PAPER/ALT CHARTS NOT READY — Prepare paper backup/raster; mark no-go/PI; parallel use.

POSITION MONITORING WEAK — Frequent fixes; PI lines on radar; compare GNSS/radar/visual/echo sounder.

AUTOPILOT IN CLOSE QUARTERS — Hand steering with qualified helmsman; small, early helm; follow helm orders protocol.

POOR BRM — Roles defined; challenge/response; closed-loop comms; Master retains override.

MASTER CALLED TOO LATE — Set call criteria (CPA/TCPA, UKC, vis, wind); call early.

SPEED TOO HIGH — Rule 6 safe speed; reduce early for squat/interaction/turning distance.

SQUAT UNDERESTIMATED — Calculate; keep mid-channel; reduce speed; allow dynamic UKC.

BANK EFFECT/BOW CUSHION/STERN SUCTION — Keep off bank; small helm corrections; lower speed when meeting/overtaking.

MEETING/OVERTAKING INTERACTION — Arrange early on VHF; give wide CPA; slow or stop if doubt.

CURRENT/SET ACROSS CHANNEL — Plan crab angle; allow drift; adjust wheel-over; slow if losing control.

WINDAGE ON SUPERSTRUCTURE — Anticipate leeway; use tugs/thrusters; keep speed for steerage without excess.

TURNING IN NARROW BASIN — Pre-plan pivot point; minimal speed; tugs if needed; abort option ready.

WRONG WHEEL-OVER POINT — Mark WOPs on ECDIS; use PI; verbal countdown to helm; confirm turn rate.

INACCURATE UKC — Calculate static + dynamic; verify density/tide; set minimum live margin; monitor echo sounder.

ECHO SOUNDER OFFSET WRONG — Set keel/waterline offset; verify with known depth.

TIDE WINDOW MISSED — Use gauge (preferred) or predictions; wait for next window if margin small.

RESTRICTED VISIBILITY — Call Master; fog signals; extra lookout; safe speed; anchors ready.

BLIND SECTORS (CARGO/STACKS) — Use bridge wings; dedicated lookout; mirror/CCTV if fitted.

VTS/PILOT MISCOMMS — Correct channel; short standard phrases; read-back; COLREGs still apply.

TSS/NARROW CHANNEL RULES IGNORED — Keep to starboard side; avoid crossing; no anchoring in channel; Rule 9/10 compliance.

UNMARKED WORKS/DREDGERS — Monitor notices; shapes/lights; pass on instructed side at slow speed.

FERRIES WITH WIRES/CABLES — Identify signs; wait for slack/clear signal; pass with caution and speed minimal.

SMALL CRAFT/LOCAL TRAFFIC — Expect erratic moves; early sound signals; give room; keep to centreline when safe.

ANCHORS NOT READY — Walk out to ready; brakes tested; clearing bearings set; team briefed.

ANCHOR WALK-OUT RISK — Brake pinned; devil’s claw/guillotine on; monitor chain movement in turns.

ENGINE/THRUSTERS NOT READY — ER stand-by; test ahead/astern; both steering pumps running.

STEERING GEAR FAILURE CONTINGENCY — Changeover ready; emergency steering team on call; rig comms.

PARALLEL INDEX NOT USED — Set PI for each leg; continuously monitor cross-track error.

CPA/TCPA ALARMS OFF — Set practical thresholds; investigate each alarm; adjust as picture changes.

OVERTAKING WHERE PROHIBITED — Avoid in bends/near jetties; overtake only with VTS/pilot agreement and low speed.

BENDS WITHOUT SOUND SIGNALS — Use bend signals; post extra lookout; keep right of bend.

NO ABORT/SAFE WATER PLAN — Define abort points; escape track; sea room/anchorage identified.

GROUNDING ON SHOALS/EDGES — Keep within dredged limits; PI + echo sounder; slow if doubt; consider leadline if sensors fail.

AIR DRAFT OVER CROSSINGS — Check overhead clearances (bridges/cables) with tide/trim; confirm safe span.

HEAVY WEATHER IN CONSTRAINT — Delay transit; or steer to reduce slamming/roll; maintain steerage, not speed.

NIGHT/GLARE/REFLECTIONS — Dim bridge lights; shield glare; verify visually and by radar; slow if lights obscure.

DECK WORK DURING TRANSIT — Suspend non-essential work; keep forecastle clear; PPE for any essential tasks.

MOORINGS/FENDERS PROTRUDING — Clear sides; secure gear; rig fenders only when needed near berth.

PILOTAGE HANDOVER GAPS — Conduct MPE on narrow-water risks: UKC, speeds, passing plans, tugs, aborts.

TUGS UNCOORDINATED — Agree commands (“PUSH/PULL/CHECK + %”); one channel; repeat-back.

SHALLOW PATCHES/SILTATION SINCE SURVEY — Check latest NtM/port broadcasts; add allowance; favour centreline.

POWER LOSS/BLACKOUT RISK — ER briefed on high risk; extra generators online; anchors ready; call tug support if needed.

POOR RECORDKEEPING — Log speeds/UKC/min depths, CPA events, VTS/pilot comms; debrief and update local guide after transit.

Strong Current

NO TIDE/CURRENT PLAN — Check gauge & forecasts; choose slack-water window; brief roles/abort points.

APPROACH WITH FOLLOWING CURRENT — Plan to stem the current; approach at minimal speed with control; order tugs early.

SET OFF BERTH (DRIFTING OUT) — Keep strong springs; add breasts; engines/thrusters assist to hold in; continuous tending.

SET ONTO BERTH (CRUSH RISK) — Land gently bow-first into current; fenders placed and tended; stop if compression rises.

CROSS-CURRENT AT BERTH ENDS — Crossed springs both ends; share to multiple bollards; avoid acute leads.

INSUFFICIENT LINES — Extra lines ready; standardize rope/tailed arrangement; maintain minimum safe pattern at all times.

AUTO-TENSION LEFT ON — Switch OFF; hold on brakes/stoppers; manual control only.

SNAP-BACK/LINE OF FIRE — Mark zones; keep crew clear of bights; slow heave/veer; minimum personnel on deck.

BOLLARD/HOOK SWL EXCEEDED — Verify SWL; split loads to separate hooks/bollards; avoid piling lines on one point.

FAIRLEAD/ROLLER SEIZED — Grease/inspect; change lead; fit chafe gear; stop if binding.

CABLE/PROPWASH NEAR SHORE — Minimum thruster power; announce before use; ensure no small craft alongside.

FENDER SQUEEZE/RIDING UP — Add/realign fenders; keep verticals; stop ops if fendering inadequate.

POOR COMMS — One controller; repeat-back; clear “STOP” word; pause if comms lost.

GANGWAY UNSAFE (HEAVE/SET) — Watchman posted; tend height/angle; safety net rigged; suspend access if unstable.

BUNKER/LOADING ARMS IN TENSION — Agree ESD; monitor drift/arm envelope; stop transfer before limits.

MOORING BOAT IN STRONG SET — Coordinate passes; PFDs; do not pass heaving lines across people/propellers.

PASSING-SHIP WASH + CURRENT — Extra lines; engines ready; hold position; warn terminal.

WIND + CURRENT COMBINATION — Reassess; add tugs/lines; delay if limits exceeded.

WARPING/SHIFTING ALONG BERTH — One winch at a time; springs first; engines assist; maintain minimum line set.

LINES IN WATER/PROP RISK — Keep tails short/afloat; recover immediately; warn bridge.

NIGHT/POOR LIGHTING — Floodlight bitts/leads/gangway; headlamps; stop if you can’t see.

SIMOPS (CRANES/HOT WORK/BUNKERS) — Separate in time/space; raise security around moving lines.

POST-BERTHING COMPLACENCY — Continuous mooring watch; record adjustments; reassess at tide changes.

WRONG ANCHORAGE FOR CURRENT — Choose approved area with sea room; avoid lee-shore set and channel edges.

INADEQUATE SCOPE — Veer ample chain for depth/tide/current (longer scope for strong stream); mark and log shackles.

ANCHOR NOT SET — Pay out under control; set with engine astern; check transits/ARPA drift.

DRAGGING — Anchor watch on bridge; ECDIS guard ring & drag alarm; veer more; use engine; call VTS/Master early.

TIDE REVERSAL FOULS CABLE — Longer scope; clear at slack if twist seen; consider two-anchor “V” only where permitted.

YAWING/FISHTAILING — Increase scope; keep some headway on engine to steady; avoid thrusters near cable.

CLOSE CPA TO TRAFFIC — Keep outside fairways; agree with VTS; show shapes/lights; sound signals in RV.

POOR SWING CIRCLE — Calculate with full scope + wind/current; ensure separation from neighbors; re-anchor if tight.

NEAR SUBSEA CABLES/PIPELINES — Check charts/Notices; keep clear; no anchoring in prohibited zones.

WIND + CURRENT OPPOSITE — Expect sheer; engines on short stand-by; reassess position often.

FOULING OTHER VESSELS’ CABLES — Communicate intentions; keep distance; avoid crossing tracks during swing.

ANCHOR WALKING IN SOFT MUD — Use longer scope; short bursts astern to re-bed; relocate if persistent.

CHAIN LEAD UNDER STEM (CHAFING) — Adjust heading with engine; veer/shorten to change lead; monitor wear.

WINDLASS OVERLOAD/OVERHEAT — Never heave ship on windlass alone; use engine to relieve; cool and rest brakes/gypsy.

HEAVY WEATHER AT ANCHOR — Extra scope; second anchor if allowed; heave-to/seek shelter if dragging risk high.

BOAT TRANSFERS IN STRONG SET — Create lee; PFD/helmets; coordinated approach; engines neutral when alongside.

DENSE TRAFFIC/ANCHORAGE ENTRY — Maintain lookout; AIS/radar guard; sound signals; be ready to heave quickly.

NIGHT/FOG — Lights/shapes; fog signals; extra lookout; engines ready.

ANCHOR RECOVERY IN STRONG SET — Heave only with engine ahead to relieve; clear hawse at slack; watch for cross-chock.

POOR RECORDS — Log position, scope, bearings, alarms, weather, dragging events; debrief and update anchorage notes.

Navigation In Ice

NO POLAR/ICE NAV PLAN — Polar Water Ops Manual (PWOM) in use; ice RA done; routes, abort points, shelters, SAR/comm frequencies set.

WRONG ICE CLASS/LIMITS — Confirm ship’s ice/PC class and restrictions; don’t enter ice beyond class; request escort/ice pilot if near limits.

NO ICE/WEATHER INTEL — Get latest national ice charts (egg code), satellite imagery, forecasts, NOTAM/Notices; update each watch.

NO ICE PILOT/ICEBREAKER ARRANGED — Book pilot/escort where required; agree convoy rules, speeds, distances, comms.

ECDIS MISUSED FOR ICE — Treat ice edges as dynamic; overlay ice charts; keep safety contour/PI; don’t treat “ice limit” as safe track.

COMPASS/GNSS ERRORS AT HIGH LAT — Expect large var/dev & poor geometry; verify with transit bearings/radar/DR; record gyro error.

FUEL/LUBE NOT WINTERIZED — Use winter grades; heat settling/service tanks; drain water; monitor filter ΔP.

LSA/SAFE REFUGE NOT READY — Heat/lash life-saving gear; clear escape routes; prepare citadel/warm-up spaces.

CREW NOT BRIEFED — Toolbox for ice nav: roles, comms, lookouts, speed limits, “stop if doubt.”

AUTOPILOT IN ICE — Hand steer; small steady helm; avoid hunting.

EXCESSIVE SPEED — Reduce before contact; keep just enough momentum; never ram with merchant hull.

HARD-OVER TURNS IN BRASH — Slow/stop, then turn in leads; avoid large rudder angles in heavy ice.

REPEATED BOW CHARGING — “Nibble” at floes; prefer leads/polynyas; wait for escort if blocked.

FOLLOWING OLD TRACK BLINDLY — Verify channel width/depth; keep within broken ice; don’t cut new track without need.

PACK CLOSING / BEING BESET — Keep way on; maintain escape route; call icebreaker early; avoid stopping in closing pack.

PRESSURE RIDGES/HUMMOCKS — Avoid ridges; go around or wait for breaker; never attempt to ride over.

GROWLERS/BERGY BITS — Extra lookouts; X-band short pulse high gain; polarized glasses; keep large CPA off glacier fronts.

POLAR NIGHT/FOG/GLARE — Searchlight sparingly; anti-glare on bridge; reduce speed; additional lookout on wings.

LEESHORE WITH WIND/SET — Keep sea room; avoid committing near shorefast ice; pre-plan turn-around point.

ANCHORING IN ICE — Avoid; risk fouling/dragging; if essential, engines ready to slip; short stay only.

PASSING OTHER SHIPS IN CHANNEL — No overtakes unless directed; keep distance; minimal wash; stay in centre of channel.

TUG/SMALL CRAFT NEARBY — Very low speed; big CPA; warn before any thruster use.

PROPELLER/RUDDER STRIKES — Keep prop stopped when ice alongside; avoid long full astern; short bursts only; monitor vibration.

BOW THRUSTER DAMAGE — Do not use in heavy brash; stop if cavitation/vibration felt; secure thruster if icing.

SEA SUCTION/STRAINER BLOCKED — Use high/ice sea chest; back-flush with steam/air; swap chests; watch temps/pressures.

ENGINE COOLING LOSS — Reduce load; clear intakes; don’t ignore rising jacket/LO temps.

BLACKOUT/POWER DIP — Extra generator online; avoid sudden rpm/CPP changes; stagger starts of large consumers.

ECHO SOUNDER/TRANSDUCER DAMAGE — Retract if designed to; beware aeration under bow; cross-check depth by chart/radar ranges.

HULL/FOREPEAK DAMAGE — Slow on heavy impacts; frequent soundings of FP/ballast; inspect for leaks.

HATCH/VENT DAMAGE FROM ICE — Dog tight; protect vents; keep freeing ports clear for runoff.

DECK ICING/STABILITY — Monitor icing rate; de-ice symmetrically; maintain GM/trim; record icing in log.

FREEING PORTS/SCUPPERS FROZEN — Keep clear; avoid seawater washdowns; manage drainage paths.

WRONG DISTANCE TO LEAD VESSEL — Keep instructed gap; avoid close following that closes channel; don’t lose sight.

MISUNDERSTOOD ORDERS — One working channel; repeat-back; comply exactly with escort commands.

OVERTAKING/LEAVING THE TRACK — Prohibited unless ordered; stay centred in track; no side excursions.

STOPPING IN TRACK — Warn early; stop only if ordered; be ready for tow if beset.

TOWING WITHOUT PREP — Fit strong point/bridle; brief crew; clear snap-back zones; no one near bight.

CREW ON ICY DECK — Restrict movement; ice cleats/PFD; lifelines; buddy system; minimize time forward.

MOB IN ICE WATER — Rescue nets/cradle rigged; rescue boat usually not launched; lee created; horizontal recovery; warm/oxygen.

PILOT TRANSFER IN ICE — Delay if unsafe; de-ice ladder/platform; create lee; full PPE and lighting.

FIRE MAIN/HOSES FROZEN — Circulate periodically; drain after use; keep spares warm.

AIR/INSTRUMENT LINES ICING — Dryers working; drain receivers; methanol injection if approved.

CHEMICAL/FOAM FREEZING — Store warm; check pour points; rotate stock to heated spaces.

CARGO/DECK OPS IN ICE SPRAY — Suspend non-essential work; shield stations; heated shelters; extra PPE.

HOT WORK NEAR ICE ACCRETION — Prohibit until de-iced and gas-free; manage runoff/steam.

WASTE/MARPOL IN POLAR WATERS — Follow Polar Code: no garbage discharge; sewage/oily limits; use reception facilities/logs.

NO ABORT/SAFE WATER PLAN — Define open-water escape/holding area; execute early if picture degrades.

POOR INCIDENT LOGGING — Record ice class limits, speeds, hits, icing, machinery issues, escort instructions; save VDR marks.

POST-TRANSIT NO INSPECTION — Daylight check of bow, sea chests, vents, freeing ports, FP/ballast; report and repair before resuming normal speed.

Risk Of Malaria

NO MALARIA RISK ASSESSMENT — Check WHO/CDC country risk before port; brief crew; decide chemoprophylaxis + bite controls.

WRONG AREA CLASSIFICATION — Confirm if city/port is transmission zone (urban/coastal often lower, rural rivers higher); adjust measures.

NO CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS — Company/travel-med sets regimen (e.g., atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine) based on area/crew factors.

STARTED TOO LATE/STOPPED TOO EARLY — Start before entry and continue after exit as directed for chosen drug; log compliance.

CONTRAINDICATED DRUG — Screen: mefloquine no for psych/seizure hx; doxy no in pregnancy/small kids; check renal for A-P.

G6PD STATUS UNKNOWN (PRIMA/TAFENOQUINE) — Do G6PD test before any regimen needing it; do not use if unknown/deficient.

COUNTERFEIT/EXPIRED PILLS — Source from approved supplier only; batch/expiry recorded; secure, dry storage.

POOR ADHERENCE — Daily reminder chart; supervisor spot-checks; replace lost doses; take with food/water if tolerated.

SIDE-EFFECTS → NON-USE — Pre-brief common effects (dreams, GI upset, photosensitivity); switch regimen via company doctor if needed.

ALCOHOL/DRUG INTERACTIONS — Check for interactions (anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, antiretrovirals, etc.); medical advice if on long-term meds.

NO BITE PREVENTION — Combine repellent + treated clothing + nets + AC/fans; dusk-to-dawn extra vigilance.

WRONG REPELLENT — Use DEET 20–50% / Picaridin 20% / PMD 30%; reapply per label (sweat/rain reduces duration).

UNTREATED CLOTHING — Treat uniforms/socks with permethrin (factory or DIY); re-treat per schedule; do not apply permethrin to skin.

EXPOSED SKIN AT DUSK/DAWN — Long sleeves, long pants, socks over hems; light-coloured clothing; tuck shirt and net properly.

NO BED NET — Sleep under intact LLIN (permethrin/deltamethrin); tuck under mattress; repair holes.

CABIN WINDOWS/DOORS OPEN — Keep closed; fit/repair screens; door discipline posted; close before lights on.

NO AC/FANS — Use AC where possible; run fans to disrupt landing; avoid open-air sleeping.

GANGWAY/DECK WATCH UNPROTECTED — Repellent before watch; long sleeves; head/neck coverage; rotate to minimize dusk exposure.

WORK DURING PEAK BITING WITHOUT PPE — Extra controls for mooring/pilot ladder/fwd watches at dusk/dawn: repellents, sleeves, gloves, nets ready.

STANDING WATER NEAR SHIP — Empty buckets/trays/boats; liaise with terminal to drain puddles; cover tanks.

PORT FOGGING/SPRAY ENTERS SHIP — Close intakes; inform crew; resume ventilation after dispersion.

CABIN/COMPARTMENT INFESTATION — Evening space-spray (pyrethroid) with re-entry time; sticky traps; seal gaps.

SCREENS/SEALS DAMAGED — Routine inspection/repair of window/door/vent screens; block light leaks that attract insects.

DARK CLOTHES AT NIGHT — Prefer light colours; minimize attraction; keep work lights only as bright as needed.

NO FEVER PROTOCOL — “Fever after tropical call = malaria until proven otherwise”; isolate from deck work; take vitals; call tele-med.

DELAYED TESTING — Keep RDT kits (per SMS), train users; test promptly with any fever/chills/headache up to months after exposure.

NO STANDBY EMERGENCY TREATMENT — Carry company-approved ACT for standby use only on medical advice or when care is >24 h away.

INCOMPLETE TREATMENT — Finish full course; record times/doses; arrange shore follow-up; monitor for relapse.

MISSED VIVAX/OVALE RELAPSE RISK — Note need for radical cure (prima/tafenoquine) only with G6PD normal; arrange shore evaluation.

PREGNANT CREW IN ENDEMIC AREA — Avoid assignment if possible; strict bite prevention; regimen per doctor (limited options).

CHILD/ADOLESCENT EXPOSURE — Pediatric dosing verified; nets sized correctly; supervise repellents.

PHOTOSENSITIVITY ON DOXY — Sun protection/long sleeves; switch drug if severe.

GI UPSET → VOMITING DOSE — Take with food/milk (except where contraindicated); if vomited soon after, follow redose guidance.

MISSTORAGE OF MEDS — Store cool/dry; no engine-room heat; track expiry; quarantine damaged packs.

CREW COMPLACENCY IN URBAN PORTS — Maintain controls even in cities; high-risk pockets exist around rivers/swamps.

SHORE LEAVE IN RURAL AREAS — Limit after dark; repellents/clothing rules; travel in groups; avoid mosquito-dense barside gardens.

OPEN DECK SLEEPING/SMOKING AREAS — Move to screened/AC rooms at night; citronella alone insufficient.

INCORRECT LAYERING OF SUNSCREEN/REPELLENT — Sunscreen first, then repellent; reapply repellent after heavy sweating.

ATTRACTANTS (SCENTS) — Avoid scented soaps/aftershaves; store fruit/juice inside to reduce insects.

NO MEDICAL CONTACTS — Post local clinic/port health numbers; tele-med contact card in CCR/bridge/gangway.

NO LOGGING — Record ports, prophylaxis regimen, missed doses, any fever events; handover to next OOW/Med PIC.

LATE FEVER AFTER SIGN-OFF — Crew advised to seek immediate test if fever within 1 year of exposure; carry voyage letter.

MISIDENTIFYING OTHER FEBRILE ILLNESS — Assume malaria until ruled out, but consider dengue/typhoid, etc.; avoid NSAIDs if dengue suspected—seek medical advice.

INSECTICIDE MISUSE/FIRE RISK — Follow label and NO SMOKING during spraying; ventilate before re-entry; store aerosols cool.

COILS/HEAT MATS UNSAFE — Keep on non-flammable surface; away from bedding; supervised use only.

NO TRAINING/AWARENESS — Annual toolbox on malaria: transmission, peak hours, repellents, meds, fever protocol.

NO PPE/REPELLENT STOCK — Maintain ship stores: DEET/picaridin, permethrin kits, LLINs, RDTs, ACT (as per company), thermometers.

PORT HEALTH/IMMIGRATION DELAYS WITH SICK CREW — Pre-alert agent; isolate patient; prepare documents to expedite shore care.

WASTE DISPOSAL OF SHARPS/TESTS — Biohazard bag/box; land to approved facility; gloves during handling.

CULTURAL/LANGUAGE GAPS — Visual posters (dusk/dawn icons); multi-language brief; buddy checks for compliance.

NO POST-PORT REVIEW — Debrief bites/cases; update stocking and what worked; adjust plan for next endemic call.

Risk Of Stowaway

NO STOWAWAY PLAN — Use ISPS/BMP-based plan; risk-rate each port; brief crew; set security level and abort criteria.

NO DoS WITH PORT — Complete Declaration of Security; agree responsibilities, patrols, lighting, access points.

GANGWAY UNGUARDED — 24/7 watch; trained guard; radio; counters; whistle/horn; no phone distraction.

POOR ID CHECK — Photo ID check; visitor passes with numbers; log in/out; verify against work order/manifests.

UNESCORTED VISITORS/CONTRACTORS — Escort rule; colour passes; limit access to job area; collect passes on exit.

MULTIPLE OPEN ACCESS POINTS — One controlled access only; lock/secure all other ladders/doors; post signs.

QUAYSIDE/DOLPHIN ACCESS — Fence/rope off; patrol fwd/aft; keep shore cranes/booms clear as “bridges.”

WATERLINE BOARDING (BOATS) — Security boat/watch; deny alongside; rig anti-climb nets/razor wire where allowed; lights/cameras aft quarters.

LOW FREEBOARD AT ANCHOR — Keep off land; enhanced watch; deny boat vendors; engines ready; report suspicious craft.

NIGHT/POOR LIGHTING — Floodlight access routes, fwd/aft, poop; repair bulbs immediately; remove shadow pockets.

CCTV NOT USED — Cover gangway/quarters/poop; live monitored; record saved; time sync.

DOORS/HATCHES UNLOCKED — Lock external doors/stores/steering gear/chain locker; key control; “last door” check each watch.

SEALS/TAMPER EVIDENCE ABSENT — Fit numbered seals to rarely used doors/voids; record/verify each watch.

BOSUN/PAINT/FOC’SLE STORE OPEN — Lock and seal after work; periodic patrols; no unattended open doors.

STEERING GEAR ROOM ACCESS — Lock; seal; inspect before sailing; record.

RUDDER TRUNK/LADDER ACCESS — Lock covers; seal manholes; inspect for markings/ropes.

CHAIN LOCKER/SPURLING PIPE — Cover and secure; lock hatch; inspect for fresh footprints/food/water.

A/C TRUNKS/DUCKETS — Grills fitted/secured; inspect accessible sections; seal maintenance panels.

ENGINE ROOM EXTERNAL DOORS — Keep shut/locked; post “no propping” rule; CCTV on alleyways.

LIFEBOAT/RESCUE BOAT/FFLB COMPARTMENTS — Lock canopies/entries; seal covers; check before sailing.

PILOT DOOR/SEA DOOR — Locked and sealed when not in use; post “not to be opened” sign; log any opening.

TEMP SCAFFOLD/LADDERS LEFT — Remove or chain+lock after use; secure shore ladders away from ship side.

MOORING LINES AS CLIMB AIDS — Fit rat guards; illuminate lines; patrol snap-back zones and fairleads.

STORES DELIVERY UNSUPERVISED — Supervise quayside to storeroom; count heads in/out; seal stores after.

WASTE/GANGWAY TRAFFIC — Control scavengers; one-at-a-time policy; no entry without pass.

SHORE CREW HEADCOUNT NOT DONE — Tally stevedores/contractors at start/end of shift; verify bus departure.

SECURITY LEVEL NOT RAISED — Level 2+ measures in high-risk ports: extra guards, more patrols, tighter checks.

CREW UNINFORMED/COMPLACENT — Toolbox talk each call; posters; “challenge politely” culture; report suspicious signs.

SOCIAL ENGINEERING (FAKE UNIFORMS) — Verify ID against list; no entry on uniform alone; escort to office.

OPEN DECK WORK NEAR ACCESS — Minimize; keep someone watching access; secure tools that can aid climbing.

CARGO HOLDS/’TWEEN AREAS OPEN — No unattended open hatches; lock ladders; patrol when covers are off.

NO PRE-DEPARTURE SEARCH — Structured shipwide sweep with checklist and zones signed by officers before sailing.

UNSAFE SEARCH PRACTICE — Treat voids/chain locker/cofferdams as enclosed spaces: gas test, ventilation, attendant, permit.

WORKING AT HEIGHT DURING SEARCH — Apply WAH controls; harness/lifeline; tool lanyards; exclude below.

SEARCH MISSES FALSE CEILINGS/VOIDS — Include deckheads, ducts, lockers, cable trunks, lifeboats, funnel casing.

NO EVIDENCE OF DILIGENCE — Photos of sealed points, patrol logs, search checklist; keep for PSC/insurers.

PORT VENDOR BOARDING AT ANCHOR — Prohibit unless authorized; verify papers by VHF first; controlled boat landing only.

SHORE GUARDS NOT COORDINATED — Brief guard force; ship retains final control; one log for all entries.

CREW PPE LOANED OUT — No loan of coveralls/helmets that mimic crew; contractor IDs distinct colours.

FENCING/TURNSTILES ASHORE UNDERUSED — Request PF to funnel all people through one gate; stop side access.

UNREPORTED SUSPICIOUS SIGNS — Educate on tell-tales: cut nets, footprints, food/water caches, fresh rope marks; report immediately.

FOUND STOWAWAY MISHANDLED — Treat humanely; search for weapons; medical check; photograph/record; secure to designated cabin under watch.

NO NOTIFICATION — Inform Master/CSO/Company, P&I, flag/state and next port immediately; follow IMO FAL guidance.

WEAPONS/VIOLENCE RISK — Two-person rule; keep distance; call authorities; do not escalate; secure doors to prevent group access.

INFECTION/HEALTH RISK — Gloves/masks if needed; isolate; provide water/food; tele-med if symptomatic.

ILLEGAL DISEMBARKATION — Do not land without authority; maintain documentation; cooperate with immigration only.

NO RECORDS/CHAIN OF CUSTODY — Log times/places, photos, statements, items held; keep copies for claims.

AFTER-PORT COMPLACENCY — Maintain posture until sea; repeat sweep after tug/pilot disembarkation.

NO POST-PORT REVIEW — Debrief; update risk map, sealing list, lighting/CCTV repairs; feed lessons to SSP.

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