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Enclosed Space Entry – Safety First Onboard Ships

Updated: May 29


Enclosed Space Entry – Safety First Onboard Ships

Enclosed Space Entry – Safety First Onboard Ships

Entering enclosed spaces is one of the most dangerous operations onboard ships. Many fatal accidents have occurred due to oxygen deficiency, toxic gases, or lack of proper procedures. This blog post outlines general procedures, precautions, and best practices for safe enclosed space entry — applicable to all mariners.

⚠️ Note: This information is general and for educational purposes. Requirements may vary between companies. Always follow your company’s specific procedures and safety management system (SMS) instructions.

🚪 What Is an Enclosed Space?

An enclosed space is any space that has limited openings for entry/exit, inadequate ventilation, and is not designed for continuous occupancy.

Examples:

  • Cargo holds

  • Double bottom tanks (DBTs)

  • Ballast tanks

  • Void spaces

  • Pump rooms

  • Fuel or oil tanks

  • Cofferdams


🔍 Hazards of Enclosed Spaces

  • Oxygen deficiency (< 19.5%)

  • Toxic gases (e.g., H₂S, CO, CH₄, benzene)

  • Flammable atmospheres

  • Physical dangers: slips, falls, poor lighting

  • Sudden gas releases


✅ Entry Preparation Checklist

Before entry, follow a structured preparation and risk assessment process:

  1. Risk Assessment

    • Identify specific hazards in the space

    • Evaluate required PPE and emergency procedures

  2. Permit to Work (PTW)

    • Issue a dedicated “Enclosed Space Entry Permit”

    • Must be approved and signed by Master/Chief Officer

  3. Atmosphere Testing (performed from outside)

    • Oxygen (O₂) – must be 20.9%

    • Flammable gas (LEL) – must be < 1%

    • Toxic gases (e.g., H₂S, CO) – must be 0 ppm

    • Use multi-gas detectors (Dräger, MSA, etc.)

    • Continue monitoring during entry

  4. Ventilation

    • Ventilate the space thoroughly before and during entry

    • Use blowers or natural draft as required

  5. PPE & Equipment

    • Safety harness and lifeline

    • Portable gas detector with audible alarm

    • Communication equipment (radio or talk-back)

    • Emergency SCBA near entry point

  6. Rescue Plan

    • Designate a standby person at the entrance

    • Ensure team trained for immediate rescue

    • SCBA and stretcher available


👷 Personnel Required

  • Entrant: Person entering the space

  • Attendant: Monitors from the outside, maintains contact

  • Permit Issuer: Chief Officer or Master

  • Gas Tester: Certified officer performing testing


🕒 While Inside the Space

  • Maintain constant communication

  • Keep gas monitor active

  • Minimize time spent inside

  • Exit immediately if alarm activates


📝 After Completion

  • Cancel the Permit to Work

  • Record entry in the Logbook or SMS system

  • Report any unsafe conditions or findings


🧠 Best Practices & Tips

  • Never enter alone

  • Never trust your senses — always test first

  • Never skip the Permit to Work process

  • Stay updated with regular enclosed space drills

  • Check company-specific training and requirements










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